17 Fuels and Crude Oil

The diagram shows the separation of crude oil into fractions.

What could X, Y and Z represent?

• X : diesel

  Y : lubricating oil

  Z : paraffin

• X : lubricating oil

  Y : diesel

  Z : paraffin

• X : paraffin

  Y : lubricating oil

  Z : diesel

• X : paraffin

  Y : diesel

  Z : lubricating oil

The diagram shows a fractionating column.

From which level of the column is the substance used for making roads obtained?

• A

• B

• C

• D

The diagram shows an industrial process producing substance M.

Substance M is used as aircraft fuel.

What is the process and what is the substance M?

• process : fractional distillation

  M : paraffin (kerosene)

• process : fractional distillation

  M : petrol (gasoline)

• process : thermal decomposition

  M : paraffin (kerosene)

• process : thermal decomposition

  M : petrol (gasoline)

Four fractions obtained from crude oil (petroleum) are listed below.

Which fraction is paired with a correct use?

• fraction : bitumen

  use : making waxes

• fraction : diesel

  use : fuel for aircraft

• fraction : lubricating oils

  use : making roads

• fraction : paraffin

  use : fuel for oil stoves

Which fuel is a mixture of hydrocarbon?

• coal

• methane

• petroleum

• wood

A paraffin wax candle is burning as shown.

What is observed in X and Y?

• X : liquid collected

  Y : white precipitate formed

• X : liquid collected

  Y : no change

• X : no liquid collected

  Y : white precipitate formed

• X : no liquid collected

  Y : no change

Which row describes a polyunsaturated molecule?

• number of double bonds : several

  type of double bonds : carbon to carbon

• number of double bonds : several

  type of double bonds : carbon to hydrogen

• number of double bonds : one

  type of double bonds : carbon to carbon

• number of double bonds : one

  type of double bonds : carbon to hydrogen

Some foods are described as polyunsaturated.

What does polyunsaturated mean?

• The molecules in the food can be polymerised.

• The molecules in the food contain many carbon atoms.

• The molecules in the food contain many double bonds.

• The molecules in the food contain many hydrogen atoms.

A student makes three statements about molecules in food.

      1          The molecules in food contain only carbon atoms.

      2          The molecules in food are hydrocarbon.

      3          The molecules in food contain carbon to carbon double bond.

 

Which of these statements describe a polyunsaturated food?

• 1 only

• 3 only

• 1 and 2

• 2 and 3

Which fraction, from the distillation of petroleum, is used as a fuel?

• bitumen

• kerosene

• naphtha

• lubricating oil