Saavedra & Silverman - Button Phobia I (Draft)

What is classical conditioning?

• A form of learning in which an unconditioned response becomes linked to a previously neutral stimulus

• A form of learning in which an unconditioned stimulus becomes linked to a previously neutral response

• A form of learning in which a conditioned response becomes linked to an unconditioned stimulus

• A form of learning in which a conditioned stimulus becomes linked to an unconditioned response

What is the unconditioned stimulus in classical conditioning?

• The neutral stimulus

• The conditioned stimulus

• The unconditioned response

• The food

What is the conditioned response in classical conditioning?

• The neutral stimulus

• The unconditioned stimulus

• The unconditioned response

• The conditioned stimulus

What is evaluative learning?

• A type of classical conditioning in which a negative emotion is associated with a previously neutral stimulus

• A type of classical conditioning in which a positive emotion is associated with a previously neutral stimulus

• A type of operant conditioning in which a negative consequence is associated with a behavior

• A type of operant conditioning in which a positive consequence is associated with a behavior

What is the main focus of the study by Saavedra and Silverman?

• To investigate the role of classical conditioning in fear and avoidance of a particular stimulus

• To compare positive reinforcement therapy and imagery exposure therapy in treating phobias

• To explore the effects of evaluative learning on phobic behavior

• To examine the role of cognition and emotion in changing phobic behavior

What was the first intervention used in the study by Saavedra and Silverman?

• Positive reinforcement therapy

• Imagery exposure therapy

• Contingency management

• Cognitive self-control strategies

What was the second intervention used in the study by Saavedra and Silverman?

• Positive reinforcement therapy

• Imagery exposure therapy

• Contingency management

• Cognitive self-control strategies

What was the outcome of the positive reinforcement therapy in the study?

• Improved behavior but increased feelings of fear and disgust

• Improved behavior and reduced feelings of fear and disgust

• No change in behavior but reduced feelings of fear and disgust

• No change in behavior or feelings of fear and disgust

What was the outcome of the imagery exposure therapy in the study?

• Improved behavior but increased feelings of fear and disgust

• Improved behavior and reduced feelings of fear and disgust

• No change in behavior but reduced feelings of fear and disgust

• No change in behavior or feelings of fear and disgust

What were the results of the six-month and 12-month follow-ups in the study?

• The participant reported minimal distress about buttons and no longer met the diagnostic criteria for a specific phobia

• The participant reported increased distress about buttons and continued to meet the diagnostic criteria for a specific phobia

• The participant reported minimal distress about buttons but still met the diagnostic criteria for a specific phobia

• The participant reported increased distress about buttons but no longer met the diagnostic criteria for a specific phobia