HLST 110 Midterm 1

Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of Medicare when it was introduced?

• A) To organize hospitals into specialized units.

• B) To assist in the payment of medical bills for the poor.

• C) To assist in the payment of medical bills for the elderly.

• D) To develop health insurance plans in the 1920s.

Which of the following definitions best aligns with the Wellness Model's perspective on health, as outlined by the WHO 1986 Ottawa Charter?

• A) Health is primarily about the absence of disease.

• B) Health emphasizes only the physical well-being of an individual.

• C) Health is a positive concept, focusing on the ability to realize aspirations, cope with the environment, and emphasizing personal resources.

• D) Health is solely a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.

Which of the following is a disadvantage of both the Holistic Model (WHO 1947) and the Wellness Model (WHO 1986 Ottawa Charter)?

• a) They distinguish between health and the factors that make us healthy.

• b) They emphasize only on physical aspects of health.

• c) They view health as a resource for everyday life.

• d) no distinctions between health and the factors that make us healthy

Which definition of health claims that the body is like a machine to be fixed when broken?

• a) The Wellness Model (WHO 1986 Ottawa Charter)

• b) The Holistic Model (WHO 1947)

• c) The Medical Model (20th Century)

• d) None of the above

Which significant development during the Renaissance era greatly influenced the widespread distribution of the works of Hippocrates and Galen?

• a) The invention of the microscope.

• b) The rise of academic institutions.

• c) The establishment of public libraries.

• d) The invention of Gutenberg's printing press.

Which civilization is credited with documenting over 1000 medical herbs and pioneering acupuncture around 3000 BC?

• a) Egyptians

• b) Greeks

• c) Chinese

• d) Babylonians

The Code of Hammurabi, one of the earliest written records concerning public health, originated from:

• a) Ancient China

• b) The Minoans and Myceneans

• c) The Hebrews

• d) Babylon

Which statement best encapsulates the health understanding and practices of early humans?

• a) Health practices were primarily documented and systematically taught.

• b) Health knowledge was predominantly derived from observation of animal behaviors and reactions.

• c) Most health taboos were derived from direct communication with deities.

• d) Health decisions were primarily influenced by modern scientific methods.

What significant setback in health and hygiene practices occurred during the Middle Ages, post the Roman Empire?

• a) The rapid advancement of medical technologies and tools.

• b) Increased life expectancy due to superior medical care.

• c) A decline in public health advancements, including water supply and sewage removal systems, leading to decreased hygiene practices.

• d) A universal rejection of religious and magical explanations for disease.

Which scientist is known as the father of Natural Immunity and explained the function of white blood cells in the early 1900s?

• a) Edwin Chadwick

• b) Louis Pasteur

• c) Joseph Lister

• d) Elias Metnikoff