Cognitive Development and Learning Theories

Who is known for the theory of cognitive development that includes four stages: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational?

• Lev Vygotsky

• Jean Piaget

• Albert Bandura

In Piaget's theory, what is the term for the process through which new information is incorporated into existing mental structures?

• Equilibration

• Accommodation

• Assimilation

Lev Vygotsky's sociocultural theory emphasises the role of what in cognitive development?

• Schemas

• Social interaction and cultural influences

• Operant conditioning

According to Vygotsky, what is the "zone of proximal development" (ZPD)?

• The range of a child's physical abilities

• The difference between what a child can do alone and what they can do with assistance

• A stage in formal operational thinking

Who is known for the Social Learning Theory, which emphasises the importance of observational learning and modeling in development?

• Lev Vygotsky

• Albert Bandura

• Jean Piaget

According to Bandura's theory, what is self-efficacy?

• The belief in one's ability to control the environment

• The belief in one's ability to influence others

• The belief in one's ability to adapt to different cultures

Which theorist proposed the concept of "scaffolding" in the context of learning and development?

• Jean Piaget

• Lev Vygotsky

• Albert Bandura

In Bandura's Bobo Doll Experiment, what did the study demonstrate about observational learning?

• Children learn best from their peers.

• Children can acquire aggressive behaviors through observation.

• Children are not influenced by the behavior of others.

Piaget's stages of cognitive development are sequential and follow a specific order. What is the correct order of these stages?

• Concrete operational, formal operational, preoperational, sensorimotor

• Sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational

• Preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational, sensorimotor

Which of these theorists emphasised the importance of cultural tools, such as language, in cognitive development?

• Jean Piaget

• Lev Vygotsky

• Albert Bandura