What did the earliest civilizations have in common? 

• They grew corn.

• They built ziggurats.

• They were monotheistic.

• They originated near rivers.

How did the sail impact the Mesopotamians? 

• They were able to remain isolated from other cultures.

• They were able to trade over long distances.

• They were able to grow more crops.

• They were able to build a powerful navy.

The end of the Stone Age (around 10,000-12,000 years ago) witnessed the change from hunter-gatherer societies to agricultural societies. This led to the rise of civilization. One of the societal changes that occurred at this time was that people

• began to interact and trade with distant societies.

• migrated south ahead of advancing glaciers.

• relied more on meat than plants for their diets.

• began to farm and live in permanent settlements.

Which statement best explains how a surplus of goods among early humans led to trade? 

• People with surplus goods began to save them for a time when they would need them.

• People with surplus goods began to discard them so they did not have to carry them.

• People with surplus goods began to exchange them for other goods that they needed.

• People with surplus goods began to give them to people who did not have enough.

What is the name of the earliest known writing system, which was developed in Mesopotamia?

• papyrus

• calligraphy

• cuneiform

• hieroglyphics

The people of Sumer occupied the lower part of the Tigris-Euphrates Valley in 3000 B.C.E. They developed communities called city-states. As the communities grew and the competition for land and water increased, the war leaders who ruled them became kings.This is one example of how early civilizations helped to shape the concept of 

• technology

• philosophy

• religion

• government

Mesopotamia was mostly:

• Monotheistic

• Polytheistic

Match the following

• Cuneiform

• • Very rich soil deposited by floods.

• silt

• The writing system of Ancient Mesopotamia

• drought

• • Walls built along river banks to keep the rivers from flooding.

• surplus

• • A long period of very dry weather.

• Levee

• • Extra, or more than is needed.

Match the following

• Ziggurat

• An area of very good soil from the Persian Gulf to the Mediterranean Sea

• Code of Law

• • A Mesopotamian pyramid with a temple on the top.

• Fertile Crescent

• • A set of laws that apply to everyone under a government.

Which of these artifacts would help a student understand the law system in Mesopotamia?

• A clay pot found in the southern Sumerian desert.

• A bronze statue of King Sargon.

• A cuneiform tablet with the code of Hammurabi engraved in it.

• Many tools found in a cave in Babylon.