Bio Exam 2 Study Guide

which of the following describes the First Law of Thermodynamics?

• Energy can neither be created or destroyed only transferred or transformed

• An object in motion will stay in motion unless acted upon.

• When energy is transferred, there will be less energy available at the end of the transfer process that at the beginning due to entropy.

Answer explanation

1st Law of Thermodynamics - Energy cannot be created or destroyed. 2nd Law of Thermodynamics - For a spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe increases. 3rd Law of Thermodynamics - A perfect crystal at zero Kelvin has zero entropy.

Metabolism - is energy ___ and energy _________.

_______ pathways: a metabolic pathway that consumes energy to synthesize a complex molecule from simpler compounds.

• Anabolic

• Catabolic

• Metabolic

• Electron

Answer explanation

Ex. Building amino acids from molecules from molecules and then building a polypeptide chain from those amino acids

_______: a type of white blood cell (WBC) that mediates immune responses.

• Virus

• Bacteria

• Pathogen

• Lymphocyte

Which of the following white blood cells are the two main classes of lymphocytes?

• Stem Cell

• T-cell

• B-cell

• White blood cell

_________: Infectious agents that cause disease; mostly viruses, bacteria, protists, and fungi.

Which of the following are examples of pathogens that were discussed in lecture?

• Tinea pedis

  ("Athlete's Foot")

• Yeast inffection

• Borrelia burgdordferi

  ("Lyme disease")

• stomach parasite

______ Immunity: a form of defense common to all animals that is active IMMEDIATELY upon exposure to pathogens has been encountered previously

________ Immunity: a vertebrate-specific defense that is mediated by B lymphocytes (B cells) and T lymphocytes (T cells).

Answer explanation

Previously called Acquired immunity, it exhibits specificity, memory, and self-non self recognition.

Which type of immunity is based on recognition of previous exposure of a pathogen?

• Innate

• Adaptive