Lesson 3.2 Quiz

By the middle of the sixteenth century, the ​ (a)   Empire was one of the world’s most powerful. It stretched from the Indian Ocean, across the Mediterranean, and into Eastern Europe.

• Ottoman
• Omani
• Mughal
• Qin
• Russian

"In Europe, nobles owned huge amounts of land and had the loyalty of the people living on it. By contrast, the Ottoman Empire lacked a permanent land-owning aristocracy. This meant that Turkish nobles could not raise armies and challenge the sultan. While some families did grow wealthy and powerful, the Ottoman system was designed to limit the power held by the aristocratic class. Power was centralized in the hands of the sultan. He relied on local governors, rather than nobles, to manage his far-flung lands."

How was the Ottoman Empire different from Europe?

• The Ottoman Empire had a permanent land-owning aristocracy.
• Turkish nobles could not raise armies and challenge the sultan.
• Turkish nobles were more powerful than European nobles.
• The sultan relied on nobles to manage his far-flung lands.

"The Mughals had built their empire by making good use of India’s resources and through trade. India was at the center of a global market for goods in which Muslims were the principal traders. Mughal India produced a huge quantity of cotton and silk textiles. High demand for these items attracted traders from as far as China in the East and Persia in the West. Yet this wealth also made the region a target for competitive rivals."

How was trade important to the Mughal empire?

• Trade allowed the Mughal empire to conquer new territories and expand their empire.
• Trade allowed the Mughal empire to promote cultural exchange and spread their influence to other regions.
• Trade allowed the Mughal empire to make use of India's resources and generate wealth through the production and trade of textiles.
• Trade allowed the Mughal empire to establish a strong military and defend their territories.

"It wasn’t really Babur’s leadership that built his dynasty. That success belonged to his grandson, who managed to expand Mughal territories. Heavy commercial activity, both in trade and textile production, created great wealth. By the early 1600s, Mughals ruled one of the richest empires in world history. This wealth was ensured by a well-organized governmental system. Both Hindu rajas and Muslim sultans could become officers of the state, called mansabdars. They maintained armies and collected taxes on behalf of the empire. In return, they got land rights and payments."

How was wealth important to the Mughal Empire?

• Wealth was important for the Mughal Empire because it allowed them to rule one of the richest empires in world history and was ensured by a well-organized governmental system.
• The Mughal Empire did not prioritize wealth and focused more on cultural and artistic achievements.
• Wealth was not important for the Mughal Empire as they relied solely on military power.
• The Mughal Empire's wealth was primarily derived from agricultural activities rather than commercial activity.

"By the 1430s, the threat of invasion from Central Asia had grown considerably. Plus, the population of China doubled under Ming rule, which meant China needed to produce more food. The emperors who succeeded the Yongle Emperor built a team of government officials to help run and protect the empire. It may have employed up to 200,000 people. Trade outside of China continued, but mostly with neighbors in Southeast and Central Asia. The Ming state had decided to focus its resources inland. This decision helped make it the most prosperous country on Earth in this period. It allowed a time of great cultural advancement."

How did the threat of invasion change China under Ming rule?

• The Emperor built a team of government officials to help run and protect the empire.

• Trade outside of China doubled

• It led to a period of cultural decline

• Food production and the population both shrunk

"Internally, the Romanovs demanded loyalty and service from the class of nobles known as the boyars. But the boyars wanted something in return: rights to totally control the peasants who lived on their land. The Romanov rulers cooperated in this process, formally creating the status of serf. Serfs were peasants who could not leave their land at all, and who were heavily taxed. Any serf who ran away was formally a fugitive, and the state agreed that nobles could hunt them down and force them to return. Many serfs resisted. There were a series of riots and uprisings in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, both among peasants and especially the Cossacks, who were used to a rather more egalitarian society. But in each case they were put down by Romanov armies"

What statement describes the social structure of Russia under the Romanovs?

• The social structure of Russia under the Romanovs was characterized by a class of serfs known as the boyars who had total control over the peasants.
• The social structure of Russia under the Romanovs was characterized by a class of peasants known as the boyars who had total control over the nobles, who were known as serfs.
• The social structure of Russia under the Romanovs was characterized by a class of nobles known as the boyars who had total control over the peasants, who were known as serfs.
• The social structure of Russia under the Romanovs was characterized by a class of nobles known as the boyars who had limited control over the peasants, who were known as serfs.