Reform movements, Communism and Socialism

What was one consequence of the Industrial Revolution on working conditions in Great Britain for women and children?

• Increased working hours and harsher conditions

• Improved working conditions and reduced hours

• No change in working conditions

• Strict government control over working hours

What impact did municipal reform have on cities during the Industrial Revolution?

• It made cities cleaner and more healthful

• It increased pollution and unhealthiness

• It led to the decline of urban areas

• It had no significant effect on city life

Why did some conservative figures, like Otto von Bismarck in Germany, introduce social reforms during the Industrial Revolution?To win the favor of the working classes

• To maintain harsh working conditions

• To weaken the working class

• To promote unrestricted capitalism

• To win the favor of the working classes

According to Karl Marx, what did business owners do to exploit workers under the capitalist system?

• Provided fair wages for their labor

• Shared the profits equally with workers

• Took most of the value produced by workers for themselves

• Gave workers ownership stakes in the businesses

What did Marx predict would happen to the conditions of workers under capitalism over time?

• Workers would get poorer as owners became richer

• Workers would experience improved working conditions

• Workers would become wealthier

• Workers would have more control over their workplaces

In a Communist society, according to Marx, what would be the status of private property and social classes?

• Private property would be controlled by the government, and social classes would be redefined

• Private property would be encouraged, and social classes would persist

• Private property would be limited, and social classes would remain

• Private property would be abolished, and there would be no social classes

What distinguished socialists from advocates of violent revolution, such as Marx and Engels?

• Socialists called for a non-violent improvement of workers' conditions

• Socialists believed in maintaining the status quo

• Socialists supported armed uprisings against industrialists

• Socialists were indifferent to the plight of workers

How did socialist reformers propose to address the injustices of industrial conditions in the 1800s?

• By calling for more state influence, equal rights, and improved worker treatment

• By promoting the exploitation of workers

• By advocating for longer working hours

• By supporting the unrestricted power of industrialists

What additional services did later socialists argue the government should provide to improve the conditions of workers?

• High-cost housing

• Limited access to education

• Free schooling, low-cost housing, inexpensive public transportation, and a national health program

• Expensive public transportation