UN Peacekeeping today

Who was the first Secretary-General of the UN to contribute to the evolution of peacekeeping operations?

• Dag Hammarskjold

• Ban Ki-moon

• António Guterres

• Kofi Annan

What was the first country in which Australia deployed UN military observers?

• Cyprus

• Indonesia

• Rwanda

• South Sudan

What is one of the cardinal principles of the traditional model of peacekeeping by the UN?

• Consent of the parties

• Support to one side in the conflict

• Direct military intervention

• Unrestricted use of force

What type of mandate has been introduced by the UN Security Council since 1999 for peacekeeping missions?

• Mandates for the protection of civilians

• Mandates for direct military intervention

• Mandates for total disarmament

• Mandates for humanitarian assistance

In which country has the UN Mission been providing safe refuge to thousands of civilians in designated sites called 'protection of civilians'?

• Mali

• South Sudan

• Syria

• Central African Republic

What does IHL mean in the context of UN peacekeeping operations?

• International Law of the UN

• International Humanitarian Law

• International Human Rights Law

• International Peace Law

In what year did the Secretary-General of the UN issue a bulletin on the compliance of UN forces with IHL?

• 1999

• 2015

• 2005

• 2010

In which country did the UN Stabilization Mission become involved in military operations against the armed group M23?

• Somalia

• Democratic Republic of the Congo

• Sierra Leone

• Mali

What position have some observers, including the International Committee of the Red Cross, taken on the protection of UN peacekeeping mission members when they engage in military operations?

• They should be considered as combatants and would lose the protection given to civilians under IHL

• They should maintain protection as civilians

• They should be deployed in safe zones

• They should withdraw from military operations

Who has taken the position that the UN is responsible for violations of IHL committed by members of its peacekeeping missions?

• The countries contributing troops

• The UN Security Council

• The UN Secretariat

• The International Committee of the Red Cross