Chapter 6

Dave's boss told him that he doesn't have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave's boss is using ________.

• negative punishment

• negative reinforcement

• positive punishment

• positive reinforcement

If a stimulus plus a response results in a satisfying outcome, the probability of that response occurring again ________.

• decreases

• depends on the CS-UCS relationship

• increases

• is not affected

In classical conditioning, the association that is learned is between a ________.

• conditioned stimulus and an unconditioned response

• neutral response and a conditioned response

• neutral stimulus and a neutral response

• neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus

Harold catches fish throughout the day at unpredictable intervals. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

• fixed interval

• fixed ratio

• variable interval

• variable ratio

You call a friend on the phone and repeatedly get sent to voicemail, so you continue to call her every 5-20 minutes hoping to speak to her personally. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

• fixed interval

• fixed ratio

• variable interval

• variable ratio

What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience?

• conditioning

• instincts

• learning

• reflexes

Which of the following is the decrease in the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented with the conditioned stimulus?

• acquisition

• extinction

• recovery

• reflex

In operant conditioning, what describes adding something to decrease the likelihood of behavior?

• acquisition

• extinction

• punishment

• recovery

Which term best describes rewarding successive approximations of a target behavior?

• acquisition

• learning

• reinforcement

• shaping

Learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it is called ________ learning.

• conditioned

• latent

• partial

• primary