23-24 Bio Midterm Review

Which statement explains how energy is transferred during photosynthesis?

• Light energy is converted into stored chemical energy.

• Heat energy is converted into stored chemical energy.

• Chemical energy is released as light energy.

• Light energy is released as heat energy.

The image shows a karyotype of an individual who has Edward’s syndrome. Which part of the karyotype shows the cause of the syndrome?

• a missing Y chromosome

• the presence of an extra copy of chromosome 18

• the absence of chromosome pair 23

• the abnormal shape of both copies of chromosome 1

Bromelain is an enzyme extracted from pineapples and is used in cooking due to its ability to break down tissue in meat. A student adds a bromelain solution to six different test tubes and either heats or cools the test tubes to the temperatures indicated in the table. The student then places 2 grams of collagen, which is a protein found in the connective tissue in animals, in each test tube and records how long it takes the bromelain to break down the collagen completely. The times are added to the table with the corresponding temperatures.

Which given temperature would be the optimum temperature for bromelain?

• 30°C

• 50°C

• 70°C

• 90°C

The graph shows the change in the global temperature from 1960 to 2008 in response to the changing carbon dioxide concentration.

Based on the graph, a student claims that atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration affects the global temperature. Is the claim made by the student supported by the data?

• Yes. Global temperature increases as carbon dioxide concentration increases.

• Yes. Global temperature decreases as carbon dioxide concentration increases.

• No. Global temperature increases as carbon dioxide concentration remains the same.

• No. Global temperature remains the same as carbon dioxide concentration increases.

What gas is released at the end of aerobic respiration in plants?

• carbon dioxide

• ethanol

• lactic acid

• oxygen

A student creates a model of healthy sperm cells being produced.

How can the model be improved?

• Cell 1 chromosomes can overlap to show crossing over of genetic material.

• Cells 4 through 7 can all have the same genetic material as cell 1 to show independent assortment.

• Cell 2 can have the same genetic material as cell 1, and cell 3 can be empty to show unequal transfer.

• Cell 1 can have a single chromosome that is replicated four times.

A student creates a model of healthy sperm cells being produced.

The student is asked to change the model to show a cell that experiences nondisjunction. Which sperm cell model shows nondisjunction?

• 
• 
• 
• 

The model shows the action of an enzyme in a chemical reaction.

Which statement explains a feature present in the enzyme?

• The enzyme can bind to any substrate in a reaction.

• The enzyme consumes substrates at the beginning of a reaction.

• The enzyme produces a single product at the end of a reaction.

• The enzyme remains unchanged at the end of a reaction.

A student creates a list of traits about an organism.

• has a genome

• is made of organic molecules

• can reproduce on its own

• is made of cells

• can move on its own

Which two traits are also found in a virus?

• • has a genome

• • is made of organic molecules

• • can reproduce on its own

• • is made of cells

• • can move on its own

A scientist tests the environment for dissolved phosphates in the ground over several years. Dissolved phosphates are used by plants to build various organic molecules. The table shows the results of the scientist’s tests.

Which conclusion does the table support?

• The environment is healthy because the amount of phosphates is rising rapidly, causing a decrease in plant mass.

• The environment is unhealthy because there are too many phosphates in the ground, harming the various plant species.

• The environment is stable because the amount of plant species has been decreasing due to too many phosphates.

• The environment is healthy because the phosphates are increasing, but the plants are still growing.