US Government Final Exam

Which political idea is based on the belief that citizens must be willing to give up some freedoms in exchange for the protection of rights?

• Divine right

• Natural Rights

• Social contract

• Rule by the majority

The Declaration of Independence lists “Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness” as —

• state’s rights

• legislative duties

• unalienable rights

• governmental powers

' ... It is most evident that kings, queens and other princes ... are ordained of God, are to

be obeyed and honoured by their subjects; that such subjects as are disobedient or

rebellious against their princes disobey God.’

—Queen Elizabeth I, Homily against Disobedience and Willful Rebellion, 1570

Which major political theory about governmental power is presented in this excerpt?

• Natural rights

• Divine right of kings

• Enlightened monarchy

• Consent of the governed

We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are

endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life,

Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.--That to secure these rights, Governments are

instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed . . .

—Declaration of Independence, 1776

Which phrase from the excerpt recognizes that all people are born with rights which should be protected by the

government?

• “All men are created equal”

• “That to secure these rights”

• “Governments are instituted among Men”

• “Endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights”

The founding of the United States has traditional roots in Judeo-Christian teachings as well as philosophies

developed primarily during the —

• Renaissance

• Reformation

• Enlightenment

• Commercial Revolution

There is as yet no liberty if the power of judging be not separated from legislative power

and the executive power.

—Charles de Montesquieu, The Spirit of the Laws, 1748

In what way did this idea expressed by Montesquieu influence the writing of the U.S. Constitution?

• The President has the power to veto any bill.

• Government is organized into three branches.

• A bill of rights was added to specify individual rights.

• Two separated representative bodies must approve all laws.

Which of the following Founding Fathers is remembered as both a strong supporter of central government as well as the principal author of the U.S. Constitution?

• John Adams

• Thomas Jefferson

• James Madison

• George Mason

In his service at the Constitutional Convention, Alexander Hamilton argued that the Founders should establish a government characterized by —

• a powerful aristocracy

• a growing merchant class

• a strong central authority

• a loose confederation of states

What resolution came about in response to the debate over legislative representation?

• The Virginia Plan

• The New Jersey Plan

• The Great Compromise

• The Article of Confederation

The compromise that created popular representation in the House of Representatives created a debate about—

• voting rights for women

• counting enslaved people

• protection of individual rights

• citizenship for American Indians