Chapter 11 Social Psychology

What is the bystander effect?

• The tendency of an individual who observes an emergency to be more likely to help when other people are present than when the observer is alone.

• The tendency of an individual who observes an emergency to be equally likely to help whether other people are present or not.

• The tendency of an individual who observes an emergency to always help regardless of the presence of other people.

• The tendency of an individual who observes an emergency to be less likely to help when other people are present than when the observer is alone.

What is social cognition?

• The way individuals define themselves in terms of their group membership.

• The study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people.

• The process of evaluating our thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and abilities in relation to others.

• The area of social psychology exploring how people select, interpret, remember, and use social information.

What is the fundamental attribution error?

• Observers’ underestimation of the importance of internal traits and overestimation of external situations when seeking explanations of another person’s behavior.

• Observers’ overestimation of the importance of internal traits and underestimation of external situations when seeking explanations of another person’s behavior.

• The tendency to take credit for one’s own successes and to deny responsibility for one’s own failures.

• An individual’s fast-acting, self-fulfilling fear of being judged based on a negative stereotype about their group.

What is the central route of persuasion according to the elaboration likelihood model?

• Involves factors such as the attractiveness of the person giving the message or the emotional power of an appeal.

• Works by engaging the audience thoughtfully with a sound, logical argument.

• The tendency for a group decision to be riskier than the average decision made by the individual group members.

• The reduction in personal identity and erosion of the sense of personal responsibility when one is part of a group.

What is altruism?

• Behavior that complies with the explicit demands of the individual in authority.

• The way individuals define themselves in terms of their group membership.

• Giving to another person with the ultimate goal of benefiting that person, even if it incurs a cost to oneself.

• Social behavior whose objective is to harm someone, either physically or verbally.

What is deindividuation?

• The reduction in personal identity and erosion of the sense of personal responsibility when one is part of a group.

• The way individuals define themselves in terms of their group membership.

• The process of evaluating our thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and abilities in relation to others.

• Improvement in an individual’s performance because of the presence of others.

What is the normative social influence?

• The influence other people have on us because we want them to like us.

• The influence other people have on us because we want to be right.

• The tendency for a group decision to be riskier than the average decision made by the individual group members.

• The reduction in personal identity and erosion of the sense of personal responsibility when one is part of a group.

What is the risky shift phenomenon?

• The tendency for a group decision to be riskier than the average decision made by the individual group members.

• The solidification and further strengthening of an individual’s position as a consequence of a group discussion or interaction.

• The impaired decision making that occurs when making the right decision is less important than maintaining group harmony.

• The reduction in personal identity and erosion of the sense of personal responsibility when one is part of a group.

What is social identity?

• The way individuals define themselves in terms of their group membership.

• The area of social psychology exploring how people select, interpret, remember, and use social information.

• The study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people.

• The process of evaluating our thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and abilities in relation to others.

What is prejudice?

• An unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on the individual’s membership in a group.

• Behavior that complies with the explicit demands of the individual in authority.

• Social behavior whose objective is to harm someone, either physically or verbally.

• The way individuals define themselves in terms of their group membership.