Memory and Eyewitness Testimony Quiz

Which memory view suggests that you rebuild your memory every time you remember something?

• Memory traces

• Reconstructive memory

• Multi-store model

• Schema theory

Answer explanation

Reconstructive memory suggests rebuilding memory with each recall. It emphasizes the role of past experiences in shaping current memories.

Why do people falsely recall hearing the word sleep when hearing words like bed, snore, drowsy, and snooze?

• Memory traces

• Reconstructive memory

• Multi-store model

• Schema theory

Answer explanation

People falsely recall hearing the word sleep when hearing words like bed, snore, drowsy, and snooze due to schema theory.

A witness is shown a lineup of 10 men. What kind of question is this?

• Forced choice question, because it assumes one of the men is the criminal

• Leading question, because it assumes one of the men is the criminal

• Forced choice question, because it assumes her wallet was stolen

• Leading question, because it assumes her wallet was stolen

Answer explanation

The question is a forced choice question because it assumes one of the men is the criminal.

Why is Loftus and Palmer's study criticized for low ecological validity?

• Uncertainty if the car crash was real or staged

• Participants were only Americans, limiting cultural diversity

• Participants were college students, possibly lacking driving experience

• Participants knew they were in an experiment, possibly affecting accuracy

Answer explanation

Loftus and Palmer's study is criticized for low ecological validity because participants knew they were in an experiment, possibly affecting accuracy.

What assumption does the Innocence Project make?

• Every wrongfully convicted person can be cleared by DNA evidence

• Witnesses often lie in their testimonies

• DNA evidence is more reliable than eyewitness testimony

• Most eyewitness testimonies are false

Answer explanation

The Innocence Project assumes that DNA evidence is more reliable than eyewitness testimony.

Which memory view is this most related to? Schema theory, Multi-store model, Reconstructive memory, Memory traces

• Schema theory

• Multi-store model

• Reconstructive memory

• Memory traces

Answer explanation

The correct choice is Reconstructive memory. This memory view focuses on how memories are reconstructed and influenced by prior knowledge and experiences.

Which view of memory best explains falsely recalling hearing the word 'sleep' when hearing words like 'bed', 'snore', 'drowsy', and 'snooze'? (a) Schema theory (b) Multi-store model (c) Reconstructive memory (d) Memory traces

• Multi-store model

• Schema theory

• Memory traces

• Reconstructive memory

Answer explanation

The view of memory that best explains falsely recalling hearing the word 'sleep' when hearing words like 'bed', 'snore', 'drowsy', and 'snooze' is schema theory. Schema theory suggests that our existing knowledge and expectations influence how we perceive and remember information.

A witness is shown a photo lineup of 10 men. What kind of question is this, assuming one of the men is the criminal? (a) Leading question (b) Forced choice question (c) Leading question, because it assumes one of the 10 men is the criminal (d) Forced choice question, because it assumes one of the 10 men is the criminal

• Leading question

• Forced choice question

• Leading question, because it assumes one of the 10 men is the criminal

• Forced choice question, because it assumes one of the 10 men is the criminal

Answer explanation

The question is a forced choice question because it assumes one of the 10 men is the criminal.

Why is Loftus and Palmer's study criticized for having low ecological validity? (a) Participants knew they were in an experiment (b) Participants were college students (c) Participants were all Americans (d) Participants did not know if the car crash was real or staged

• Participants were all Americans

• Participants were college students

• Participants knew they were in an experiment

• Participants did not know if the car crash was real or staged

Answer explanation

Loftus and Palmer's study is criticized for low ecological validity because participants knew they were in an experiment.

What assumption does the Innocence Project make? (a) Over 75% of eyewitness testimony is false (b) DNA evidence is more reliable than eyewitness testimony (c) Witnesses often lie (d) Every wrongfully convicted criminal can be exonerated by DNA

• Witnesses often lie

• DNA evidence is more reliable than eyewitness testimony

• Every wrongfully convicted criminal can be exonerated by DNA

• Over 75% of eyewitness testimony is false

Answer explanation

The Innocence Project assumes that DNA evidence is more reliable than eyewitness testimony.