Cognitive Approach 2 - Models of memory

Who proposed the multi-store memory model in 1968?

• Atkinson and Shiffrin

• Craik and Lockhart

• Conrad and Hull

• Baddeley and Hitch

Which component of the working memory model is responsible for holding visual and spatial information?

• Phonological loop

• Central executive

• Visuospatial sketchpad

• Episodic buffer

What is the function of the articulatory rehearsal component in the phonological loop?

• It links information to long-term memory structures

• It integrates information from the other components

• It allows the rehearsal of information held in the inner ear

• It holds sound in a passive manner

Which study demonstrated the phonological similarity effect?

• Baddeley (1996)

• Craik and Tulving (1975)

• Baddeley, Lewis and Vallar (1984)

• Conrad and Hull (1964)

What was the result of Baddeley's (1996) study on the central executive?

• Counting had a detectable effect on the randomness of keypressing

• None of the above

• Reciting the alphabet had a detectable effect on the randomness of keypressing

• The concurrent alternation task markedly reduced randomness of keypressing

What is the duration of sensory memory according to the multi-store memory model?

• 30 seconds

• 1 second

• Indefinite

• 2-5 seconds

What is the capacity of short-term memory according to the multi-store memory model?

• Virtually unlimited

• 15 units of information

• 7±2 chunks of information

• Unlimited

What is the function of the central executive in the working memory model?

• Coordinates the visuospatial sketchpad and the phonological loop

• Allocates resources between the visuospatial sketchpad and the phonological loop

• Holds visual and spatial information

• Integrates information from the other components

Which study tested the existence of iconic memory using the partial-report technique?

• Conrad and Hull (1964)

• Baddeley, Lewis and Vallar (1984)

• Sperling

• Craik and Tulving (1975)

What is the main criticism of the multi-store memory model?

• LTM is not a unitary store

• STM is a unitary system

• It only explains the flow of information in one direction

• It focuses on structure rather than the process