Laws of Thermodynamics

Absolute zero is when... (there may be more than one correct answer)

• there is no movement, object's energy is minimal
• water freezes
• at 0°C
• 0 Kelvins
• 0 °F

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NGSS.HS-PS3-2

Which has the greater amount of thermal energy?

• a cup of ice at the freezing point of water
• an iceberg at the freezing point of water

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NGSS.MS-PS1-4

A cup of water at 40 °C and a cup of water at 5 °C are left on a table. Which graph correctly shows the temperature of the two cups of water as time passes?

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NGSS.HS-PS3-4

The pressure of a gas inside a closed, rigid container will increase when the gas temperature increases. The pressure of the gas increases because the

• density of the gas decreases.
• rate of collisions of gas molecules with the surface increases.
• container expands in size when heated.
• gas molecules bond together to form more massive molecules.

Which statement about entropy and energy is true?

• When ice freezes, it gives off thermal energy and its entropy increases.
• When ice freezes, it gives off thermal energy and its entropy decreases.
• When ice freezes, it absobs thermal energy and its entropy increases.
• When ice freezes, it absorbs thermal energy and its entropy decreases.

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NGSS.HS-PS3-4

Conservation of Energy is another name for

• First Law of Thermodynamics
• Second Law of Thermodynamics
• Third Law of Thermodynamics
• Zeroth Law of Themodynamics

The disordering effect of heat, also known as entropy,

• increases with increasing temperature
• decreases with increasing temperature
• is constant
• increases with decreasing temperature

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NGSS.HS-PS3-4

Nitrogen molecules within a glass tube are allowed to move randomly. Which figure shows the molecules in a state of greatest entropy?

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NGSS.HS-PS3-4

Two glasses each contain 500 mL samples of water. The water in glass A has a temperature of 66 degrees Celsius, and the water in glass B has a temperature of 94 degrees Celsius. The two glasses are mixed together in a larger glass. Is the final temperature of the mixture (greater than, less than, or the same as) the average temperature of 80 degrees Celsius of the two glasses?

• greater than
• less than
• the same as

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NGSS.HS-PS3-4

When a steel block at 100 degrees Celsius is placed on top of a copper block at 20 degrees Celsius, the thermal energy of the copper begins to increase. Which of the following is the source of this increase in energy?

• the work done by the molecules within the copper
• the work done by the interaction of the two metals
• heat flowing by means of conduction
• heat flowing by means of radiation

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NGSS.HS-PS3-4