1. PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS of the Curriculum

How can educators integrate the principles of Perennialism, Essentialism, Progressivism, and Reconstructionism to create a holistic and adaptable educational experience that fosters critical thinking, intellectual growth, democratic values, and societal improvement, while also meeting the diverse needs and challenges of learners in the 21st century?

Reconstructionism aims to improve and reconstruct which aspect of society?

• • Economic systems

• • Political structures

• • Social norms

• • Educational systems

Which educational philosophy emphasizes a curriculum that is enduring and focused on classical subjects?

• • Perennialism

• • Essentialism

• • Progressivism

• • Reconstructionism

Progressivism focuses on promoting which type of educational approach?

• • Teacher-centered

• • Subject-centered

• • Learner-centered

• • Community-centered

According to Essentialism, who are considered the sole authorities in the subject area?

• • Parents

• • Students

• • Teachers

• • Administrators

Which educational philosophy advocates for equal opportunities for all learners?

• • Perennialism

• • Essentialism

• • Progressivism

• • Reconstructionism