CLN4U - CH 9 & 10 Key Terms

Definition: the study of crime, criminals, law enforcement, and punishment.

• Criminology

• Positivist

• Victimology

• Due Process

Definition: school of thought that poses that crime is caused by environmental or geographic forces.

• Modern-day Ecological Theories

• Deterrence Theory

• Ecological School

• Consensus Theory

Definition: The idea that the government functions as a father figure, takes responsibility for the welfare of its citizens.

• Wilful Blindness

• Everyday Pragmatism

• Utilitarianism

• Legal Paternalism

Definition: Removal of a prospective juror without giving any reason.

• habeas corpus

• challenge for cause

• peremptory challenge

• exclusionary rule

Definition: The idea that nurture is more influential in criminal behaviour than nature (genetics).

• Socialization Theory

• Deterrence Theory

• Consensus Theory

• Biological Trait Theory

Definition: Lying under oath.

• verdict

• reasonable doubt

• hearsay

• perjury

Definition: A deliberate closing of one's mind to the possible consequences of one's actions.

• Wilful Blindness

• Criminal Negligence

• Legal Paternalism

• Recklessness

Definition: The act of taking the law into one's own hands.

• Vigilantism

• Circumstantial Evidence

• Legitimacy

• Mens Rea

Definition: A sociological hypothesis arguing that criminal behavior is more likely to thrive in an urban rather than a rural setting.

• Utilitarianism

• Social Disorganization Theory

• Anomie Theory

• Labeling Theory

Definition: A requirement that all relevant information be made available to the defence in order to prepare for trial.

• disclosure

• surety

• confidentiality

• disclaimer