13.1 2 3

Perceptions (“hearing

voices” or seeing things) experienced in the

absence of corresponding external stimuli.

• hallucinations

• delusions

• medical model

• biopsychosocial model

Fixed but patently false

beliefs, such as believing that one is being

hounded by demons.

• hallucinations

• delusions

• medical model

• biopsychosocial model

A framework for understanding abnormal behavior patterns as symptoms of underlying physical disorders or diseases.

• hallucinations

• delusions

• medical model

• biopsychosocial model

An integrative

model for explaining abnormal behavior

patterns in terms of the interactions of

biological, psychological, and sociocultural

factors.

• hallucinations

• delusions

• medical model

• biopsychosocial model

A type of biopsychosocial model that relates the development of disorders to the combination of a diathesis, or predisposition, usually genetic in origin, and exposure to stressful events or life circumstances.

• Diathesis-stress model

• diathesis

• psychological disorders

A vulnerability or predisposition

to developing a disorder.

• Diathesis-stress model

• diathesis

• psychological disorders

• phobias

Abnormal behavior patterns characterized by disturbances in behavior, thinking, perceptions, or emotions that are associated with significant personal distress or impaired functioning. Also called mental disorders or mental illnesses.

• Diathesis-stress model

• diathesis

• psychological disorders

• phobias

Excessive or irrational fears of

particular objects or situations.

• Diathesis-stress model

• diathesis

• psychological disorders

• phobias

Excessive or irrational fears of

particular objects or situations.

• Diathesis-stress model

• diathesis

• psychological disorders

• phobias

A type of anxiety disorder involving excessive fear of social situations. Also called social phobia.

• social anxiety disorder

• specific phobia

• acrophobia

• claustrophobia