1. What is a scientific theory?

• A scientific theory is a well-substantiated (supported with evidence) explanation of some aspect of the natural world.

• A scientific theory is a wild guess about the natural world.
• A scientific theory is a belief without any evidence.
• A scientific theory is a random idea that scientists come up with.

1. Compare and contrast the theories of punctuated equilibrium and gradualism.

• Punctuated equilibrium suggests rapid evolution followed by stability

  Gradualism proposes slow and steady evolution.

• Punctuated equilibrium suggests slow evolution followed by rapid changes.
• Gradualism proposes rapid evolution followed by stability.
• Punctuated equilibrium suggests no evolution at all.

Is this an example of gradualism or punctuated equilibrium?

• Gradualism (slow steady change over time)

• Punctuated Equilibrium (rapid speciation event followed by a long period of little or no change)

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Is this an example of gradualism or punctuated equilibrium?

• Gradualism (slow steady change over time)

• Punctuated Equilibrium (rapid speciation event followed by a long period of little or no change)

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What is coevolution?

• The process where two or more species reciprocally (back and forth) affect each other's evolution.

• The process where species evolve based on random environmental factors
• The process where one species dictates the evolution of another species
• The process of individual species evolving independently without any interaction

Which evolutionary relationship best describes this?

• Genetic drift
• Natural selection
• Evolutionary tree
• Coevolution

1. What is common descent? Use this concept to explain how diversity of life on Earth came from a common ancestor. 

• All living organisms on Earth share a common ancestor due to the process of evolution by natural selection.
• The diversity of life on Earth is due to aliens introducing different species.
• All organisms on Earth were created separately and do not share a common ancestor.
• The common descent theory suggests that each species originated from a different ancestor.

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1. What is a fossil and what can it tell us about the Earth?

• A fossil is a type of rock found on Earth's surface, revealing the composition of the planet.
• Fossils are artifacts left behind by aliens, giving us insights into extraterrestrial life.
• Fossils are mythical creatures that lived in the past, providing no real information about Earth.
• A fossil is the preserved remains or traces of organisms from the past, providing insights into Earth's history, evolution, environments, and climate changes.

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1. How is evidence of extinct species used to support the theory of evolution? 

• Extinct species disprove the theory of evolution by showing gaps in the fossil record.
• Extinct species provide a record of transitional forms and demonstrate the process of natural selection and adaptation.
• Evidence of extinct species is irrelevant to the theory of evolution.
• Extinct species provide evidence for creationism rather than evolution.

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1. How are mutations related to evolution?

• Mutations have no impact on evolution
• Mutations occur only in non-evolving species
• Mutations always lead to negative outcomes in evolution
• Mutations introduce genetic variations that can be acted upon by natural selection, driving the evolution of species.

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