A level PE Edexcel exam preparation 1

Which of these is not a part of mechanical inspiration at rest.

• Increase in thoracic cavity volume

• Decrease in thoracic cavity pressure

• Increase in thoracic cavity pressure

• Air entering via the oropharynx and trachea

Which of these are part of the respiratory system and not a part of the normal structural components of the cardiovascular system

• Alveoli

• Left ventricle

• Right ventricle

• Veins

What surrounds the nerves?

• Water

• A fatty, myelin sheath

• Air

• Nothing

What is the purpose of the 'thing' that surrounds the nerves?

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Cardiac output can be worked out by

• SV X HR

• SV + RR

• HR X RR

• HR + SV

Explain the difference between concentric and eccentric contractions.

Give an example of each

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Which of these is the best answer to the question: Explain how oxygen gets from the air into the bloodstream at the alveoli.

Be ready to explain why you chose you option in the post quiz review.

• The muscles are working hard and demanding oxygen which requires the respiratory system. Air gets into the bloodstream via diffusion and thus to the working muscles. The process involves complex pressures and the movement of particles across the cell surface membrane at various points in the process this making it more efficient.

• Air moves into the alveoli and oxygen gets into the muscles via diffusion into the bloodstream and then travelling around the body to where it is needed. In sport this happens when the autonomic nervous system increases the demand for oxygen in the bloodstream and diverts it to the needed areas.

• Oxygen dense air is inhaled into the alveoli. In the alveoli there is a high partial pressure of oxygen at this stage and a low partial pressure of oxygen in the capillaries. Oxygen moves from an area of higher partial pressure to an area of lower partial pressure. Oxygen diffuses into the capillaries from the alveoli.

Choose the best answer to the following question: Summarise how delivery to the working muscles increases during exercise.

• Oxygen is moved via diffusion to the working muscles during exercise.

• There is a complex process by which the body demands an increase in the blood getting to the working muscles. It occurs via haptic and chemical increases in the hypothalamus. This makes a number of changes happen in the various body parts, pushing more blood to where it is needed.

• Increased ventilation / tidal volume. Increased diffusion gradient(s) (lung and muscle). Increased cardiac output / stroke volume / heart rate. Increased blood pressure. Vasodilation to increase blood flow to the muscles. Vasoconstriction of blood vessels in areas where it is not required

• In sports, the performer begins to work harder during sports. In the sports they are competing in, there is an increase in pressure from fans, players and the like. This increase means that the player works harder, thus moving more blood to the working muscles.

Choose the best point that should be included in an answer to the following question: Summarise the functional adaptations to the heart as a result of aerobic training.

• There will be more capillaries.

• There is an increase in stroke volume.

• The heart becomes a bigger muscle through cardiac hypertrophy.

• There will be more alveoli