Sociocultural Approach 3 - Cultural Dimensions

What are the dimensions of culture according to Hofstede?

• Nature versus nurture

• Individualism versus collectivism

• Logic versus emotion

• Power and authority

Which dimension measures the extent to which a culture is comfortable with ambiguity and uncertainty?

• Long-term versus short-term orientation

• Uncertainty avoidance index

• Indulgence versus restraint

• Masculinity versus femininity

What is the main difference between individualistic and collectivist cultures?

• Individualistic cultures value group relationships more than personal achievements

• Individualistic cultures emphasize personal achievements over group responsibilities

• In individualistic cultures personal achievements are not as important as someone’s responsibilities and relationship to the group

• Individualistic cultures define personal identity based on social groups

Which dimension measures the extent to which the less-powerful members of a group accept and expect unequal power distribution?

• Uncertainty avoidance index

• Long-term versus short-term orientation

• Power distance index (PDI)

• Masculinity versus femininity

What is the main difference between high and low PDI cultures?

• High PDI cultures have a flat social structure and low tolerance for inequality

• Low PDI cultures accept inequality among members and show deference to authority

• Low PDI cultures question authority and prefer equal power distribution

• High PDI cultures exhibit strict social hierarchy and acceptance of inequality

According to Meeuwesen, van den Brink-Muinen, and Hofstede (2009), what did they find regarding the relationship between a nation's PDI score and patient-doctor communication?

• The higher the PDI score, the more unexpected information was shared

• The higher the PDI score, the longer the consultation lasted

• The higher the PDI score, the less unexpected information was shared

• The higher the PDI score, the more flexible the communication style

What did Eylon and Au (1999) discover about the effects of empowerment on work satisfaction and performance based on their study with MBA students?

• All participants performed better when empowered

• There was no difference in work performance based on empowerment

• Low power distance participants performed significantly better when empowered

• High power distance participants performed significantly better when empowered

According to the text, which personality trait is associated with cultures that have high power distance?

• Extraversion

• Neuroticism

• Conscientiousness

• Openness to experience

What was the main issue identified by the National Transportation Safety Board in the Korean Air 747 crash on Guam in 1997?

• Lack of experience of the flight crew

• Technical failure in the aircraft

• Poor communication between the flight crew

• Bad weather conditions

According to Hofstede, what does the dimension of 'masculinity versus femininity' measure?

• Assertiveness and competitiveness

• Long-term versus short-term orientation

• Power distance index (PDI)

• Indulgence versus restraint