Exam #2

What does "Racialization" refer to?

• The process of creating equal opportunities for all races

• The development of race in connection with economic growth

• The definition and labeling of social groups into a hierarchy of racial categories for political, economic, and social purposes

• The elimination of racial categories in society

What is Institutional Racism?

• Individual biases against certain races

• The organization of society that reproduces racial inequality

• Policies and practices within and across institutions that affect certain racial groups differently

• The belief that all races are biologically the same

What is a problem with colorblindness in the context of racial and ethnic inequality?

• It promotes the celebration of different cultures

• It acknowledges the importance of addressing racism

• It erases/ignores the issues of racism and gives an excuse to not address them

• It supports the development of race-related policies

What effect did the massive migration of black families to urban centers after the Civil War have?

• Opportunities for work for 100 years.

• Resentment from white working-class individuals and white middle-class communities.

• Improvement in the economy of urban centers.

• Racial integration without conflicts.

What does the term "food deserts" (food apartheid) refer to?

• Areas with an abundance of healthy food options

• Areas with a lack of access to quality, healthy food

• Areas where only organic food is sold

• Areas with a high concentration of grocery stores

How is the funding for public schools primarily sourced?

• Federal government grants

• Private donations

• Local property taxes

• State lottery funds

What is the relationship between socioeconomic status, educational outcomes, and later life outcomes?

• There is no direct connection

• Higher socioeconomic status leads to worse educational outcomes

• Higher socioeconomic status often leads to better educational outcomes and later life outcomes

• Educational outcomes have no impact on later life outcomes

What is the "Expansion of the Penal Fist" referring to?

• The rise of the US carceral state

• The increase in public school systems

• The growth of the Civil Rights Movement

• The spread of neoliberal economic policies

What is one of the myths of immigration that contributes to the stereotyping of immigrants?

• Immigrants contribute positively to the economy

• Immigrants are often well-educated

• Immigrants are criminals and a threat to public safety

• Immigrants do not affect the job market

What is one of the social impacts of crimmigration on immigrant communities?

• Improved working conditions

• Enhanced public assistance

• Dehumanization and "Underclass Status"

• Better assimilation into society