Genomics and Mutations Quiz

Compare and contrast the difference between eukaryotic and bacterial genomes.

• Eukaryotic genomes are larger and more complex, while bacterial genomes are typically smaller and less complex.

• Bacterial genomes are larger and more complex, while eukaryotic genomes are typically smaller and less complex.

• Eukaryotic and bacterial genomes are of the same size and complexity.

• Eukaryotic genomes are circular, while bacterial genomes are linear.

What is a mutation? Know difference between missense, nonsense, insertion, deletion and inversion mutations.

• A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that affects genetic information, where missense changes one amino acid, nonsense stops the protein synthesis, insertion adds bases, deletion removes bases, and inversion reverses a segment of DNA.

• A mutation is a stable change in the environment that affects genetic information, where missense changes one amino acid, nonsense stops the protein synthesis, insertion adds bases, deletion removes bases, and inversion reverses a segment of DNA.

• A mutation is a change in the DNA sequence that does not affect genetic information, where missense changes one nucleotide, nonsense creates a new gene, insertion removes bases, deletion adds bases, and inversion duplicates a segment of DNA.

• A mutation is a change in the protein sequence that affects genetic information, where missense changes one lipid, nonsense enhances the protein synthesis, insertion adds amino acids, deletion removes amino acids, and inversion reverses a segment of protein.

What chemical and physical agents can result in mutations?

• Antibiotics and temperature changes.

• Radiation and mutagenic chemicals.

• Vitamins and mineral supplements.

• Antioxidants and physical exercise.

What is the purpose of a restriction endonuclease?

• To add new nucleotides to the DNA sequence.

• To repair broken DNA strands.

• To cut DNA at specific sequences.

• To join two strands of DNA together.

Where do transcription and translation occur? Can they happen at the same time?

• Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm and translation occurs in the nucleus; they cannot happen at the same time.

• Transcription occurs in the nucleus and translation occurs in the cytoplasm; they can happen at the same time in prokaryotes.

• Transcription and translation both occur in the nucleus; they can happen at the same time.

• Transcription and translation both occur in the cytoplasm; they cannot happen at the same time.

What is natural transformation and aided transformation?

• A process where DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another with the help of a virus

• A process where DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another without the need for a virus

• A process where DNA is replicated within a bacterium without external influence

• A process where DNA is damaged and repaired within a bacterium

What is evolution?

• The process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed from earlier forms

• The study of how living organisms interact with their environment

• The genetic modification of an organism by human intervention

• The process by which an organism grows and develops over the course of its life

What protective measure does the bacterial DNA possess to protect itself from phage?

• Antibiotic resistance

• Cell wall fortification

• Restriction enzymes

• Rapid mutation

Understand the difference between lineage, variant, and strain.

• Lineage refers to the genetic relationship between organisms, variant refers to a version of a gene, and strain refers to a subtype of a species.

• Lineage refers to a group of related species, variant refers to a different species, and strain refers to a genetic disorder.

• Lineage refers to a breeding group of animals, variant refers to a different breed, and strain refers to a physical injury.

• Lineage refers to a cultural heritage, variant refers to a dialect, and strain refers to a type of music.

After answering questions 1-5, can you see how recombining genes could benefit an organism? In which way(s)?

• By increasing genetic diversity and adaptability

• By creating identical copies of genes, reducing diversity

• By preventing any genetic changes, maintaining stability

• By removing all mutations, ensuring purity of the genetic code