TPO 13-1 Methods of Studying Infant Perception

Paragraph 1 indicates that researchers are primarily using indirect methods to observe the

• range of an infant’s visual field

• change in an infant’s state following the introduction of a stimulus

• frequency and duration of various stimuli

• range of motor activity in neonates

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CCSS.RI. 9-10.2

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The word uniformly in the passage is closest in meaning to

• occasionally

• clearly

• consistently

• quickly

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Why does the author mention repetitive following movements of the eye?

• To emphasize that responses to stimuli vary in infants according to age

• To argue that motor activity in a neonate may be random and unrelated to stimuli

• To explain why a neonate is capable of responding to stimuli only through repetitive movements

• To identify a response that indicates a neonate’s perception of a stimulus

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Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 2 as a problem in using the technique of direct observation?

• It may be difficult for observers to agree on the presence of the degree of a response.

• Infants do not respond well to stimuli presented in an unnatural laboratory setting

• Infant’s responses, which occur quickly and diffusely, are often difficult to measure.

• It is impossible to be certain of the actual cause of an infant’s response.

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The word potent in the passage is closest in meaning to

• similar

• common

• powerful

• artificial

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Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

• Researchers using observational assessment techniques on infants must not overgeneralize and must base their conclusions on data from many studies.

• On the basis of the data from one or two studies, it seems that some infants develop a particular perceptual ability not observed in others.

• When researchers fail to make generalizations from their studies, their observed data is often inconclusive.

• To use data from one or two studies on infant’s perceptual abilities, it is necessary to use techniques that will provide conclusive evidence.

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What is the author’s primary purpose in paragraph 3?

• To explain why researchers must conduct more than one type of study when they are attempting to understand infant perception.

• To point out the strengths and weaknesses of three new methods for quantifying an infant’s reaction to stimuli.

• To describe new techniques for observing infant perception that overcome problems identified in the previous paragraph

• To present and evaluate the conclusions of various studies on infant perception.

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The word quantifiable in the passage is closest in meaning to

• visual

• permanent

• measurable

• meaningful

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Paragraph 3 mentions all of the following as indications of an infant’s heightened interest in a new stimulus EXCEPT an increase in

• eye movements

• the number of breaths taken

• heart rate

• sucking behavior

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According to paragraph 4, which of the following leads to the conclusion that infants are able to differentiate between stimuli in a habituation-dishabituation study?

• The infant displays little change in electrical brain responses.

• Dishabituation occurs with the introduction of a new stimulus.

• Electrical responses in the infant’s brain decline with each new stimulus.

• Habituation is continued with the introduction of a new stimulus.

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