How does a WDM system work?

By splitting light into different wavelengths for simultaneous transmission

By converting electrical signals into binary data

By amplifying light signals to travel longer distances

By encrypting data for secure transmission

What is the difference between a CWDM and DWDM system?

CWDM systems have a wider channel spacing compared to DWDM systems with 8 usable channels.

DWDM systems use lower wavelengths than CWDM systems with a grid in C and L bands.

CWDM systems require more power than DWDM systems.

There is no difference; CWDM and DWDM are the same.

What advantages does Flexgrid have over fixed grid?

Flexgrid provides more flexibility in layout design

Flexgrid space is created acording to the spectral width of each channel.

Flexgrid allows easier alignment and distribution of space among items

Which advantages does PSK offer compared to Amplitude Modulation?

more tolerant to nonlinear effects

improve spectral efficiency (more bits per unit of bw)

Name the building blocks of the WDM Network.

Transmitters, Receivers, Wavelength Selective Devices

Optical Transponder, OMD/SFD, Wavelength Router, Amplifier, Dispersion Compensation Module

Amplifiers, Antennas, Satellites

Which of the following best describes the basic characteristic of OADM architectures (FOADM, ROADM, TOADM, CCD_F)?

FOADM is fixed, ROADM is reconfigurable, TOADM is tunable, and CDC_F is based on coherent crosstalk detection

All architectures are based on fixed optical add-drop multiplexing.

ROADM, TOADM, and CCD_F are older technologies compared to FOADM.

There is no significant difference between FOADM, ROADM, TOADM, and CCD_F.

What does it mean to be contentionless in a ROADM architecture?

Capability to drop the same channel from different degrees

It refers to the architecture's ability to automatically detect and resolve network conflicts.

It signifies the architecture's capacity for unlimited bandwidth.

It indicates the architecture's reliance on physical switches for routing.

Imagine Hannah, Grace, and Abigail are working on a project to improve the efficiency of data transmission over fiber optic networks. They are exploring the use of Optical Amplifiers to boost the signal strength for better data integrity over long distances. Describe the main differences between the three types of Optical Amplifiers they might consider:

installed on the receiver side and higher gain

installed on the transmitter side and generally low gain and high output power

typically installed every 80-100km with high output power.

What is "Cross-Connection" in the optical domain?

The process of connecting two or more optical signals in a switching system

A method to clean optical fibers

A network configuration to increase bandwidth

Which of the following best describes the difference between services and trails in an optical domain?

Services refer to the end-to-end connectivity between two points, while trails are the physical paths.

Trails are services offered by the optical domain, and services are the physical paths.

Services and trails are interchangeable terms in the optical domain.

There is no difference between services and trails in an optical domain.

The advantages of the OADM configuration with respect to LT or hub include .

allow optical channels to be locally terminated or pass through

LT nodes generate/terminate optical channels at two locations

OADM nodes allow express channels channels without OEO conversion.

Can drop or forward express nodes but require OEO conversion. Multiple degress per node are supported.

Uses a receiving/drop-side switch plus transmitting/add-side optical combiner.

Uses a transmitting/drop-side switch plus receiving/add-side optical combiner.

What are the restrictions introduced by the FOADM node configuration in a university's network system used by students Aiden, Grace, and Emma?

Mux/Demux block uses Static filter Devices (SFDs) that do not allow frequency tunability

manual intervention is required to rea-arrange fibers connecting transponder cards

manual intervention is required to rea-arrange fibers connecting OSC

How are the ROADM features implemented?

Mux/Demux and Wavelength Router (WR) tunable circuit pack

Utilizing simple on/off modulation

Implementing direct laser modulation

The main characteristics of the OTN Layer 0 as opposed to the OTN Layer 1 Network are .

OTN layer 0 multiplexes many light-paths into a single fiber

OTN layer 0 allows optical channel switching

OTN layer 1 services are grouped and encapsulated into one wavelength

OTN layer 1 switches electrical signals through the matrix

Explain why the ODUflex is efficient in terms of bandwidth usage.

It dynamically adjusts bandwidth allocation according to network conditions.

It uses a fixed bandwidth allocation regardless of network conditions.

It only supports static bandwidth allocation for predefined services.

It does not adjust bandwidth and is not efficient in terms of usage.

Which structure (OPU, ODU, OTu) contains the justification bytes and why?

OPU, because it is designed to adapt the client sinal to the OTN network frame

ODU, because it encapsulates the client's data and adds management and error correction bytes

OUT, because it is responsible for outer transmission and includes justification bytes for synchronization

What is the purpose of the Tandem Connection Monitoring bytes?

Enable OCh monitoring across multi-operator networks

To increase the speed of the connection

To encrypt data being transferred

To identify the devices in the network

A multi-technology architecture composed of pure photonic and electrical switching

A type of eletrical network switch

A multi-technology architecture composed of pure photonic

Report historical view of alarms, conditions and events.

What are the PM detection points?

Optical Supervisory Channel (OSC)

The main features and applications of WT are .

Trace end-to-end wavelength path

The main features and applications of PCT are .

Trace end-to-end wavelength path

The main benefits of using EPT during the network design process are .

It handles complex calculations of link parameters

It optimizes performance and costs

It provides a graphical network overview

What is the "Run Design" task?

Might remove some or all existing design elements

Task to create new network design given requirements and constraints

The main difference between creating a trail or a service is .

Trail is the part that connects the line ports of the optical transponder

Service defines and connect the client ports.

Several services can be aggregated over a single trail

A Service contains multiple trails

Intro to WDM Quiz

Authored by Christel Schmidt

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Professional Development

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Used 3+ times

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69 questions

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

3 mins • 1 pt

What is the dispersion effect in optical transmission?

The spreading of light pulses over time due to various modes of propagation

The conversion of light into electrical signals

The absorption of light by the optical medium

The reflection of light at the interface of two different optical mediums

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS4-2

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

3 mins • 1 pt

What does Polarization Mode Dispersion (PMD) refer to?

Occurs because the optical signal has a certain spectral width and each spectral component propagates at different speeds, arriving at the destination at different times.

The dispersion of light in a vacuum

Occurs because of the asymmetry of the fiber material.

The distribution of light intensity in a polarized beam

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS4-5

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

3 mins • 1 pt

What does Chromatic Dispersion (CD) refer to?

Occurs because the optical signal has a certain spectral width and each spectral component propagates at different speeds, arriving at the destination at different times.

The dispersion of light in a vacuum

Occurs because of the asymmetry of the fiber material.

The distribution of light intensity in a polarized beam

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS4-5

NGSS.HS-PS4-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

3 mins • 1 pt

List the 3 basic classes of single-mode fiber.

Non-Dispersion Shifted, Dispersion-Shifted, Non-Zero Dispersion-Shifted Fiber and Multimode

Step-index, Graded-shifted, and Dispersion-shifted

Non-Dispersion Shifted, Dispersion-Shifted, Non-Zero Dispersion-Shifted Fiber

Step-index, Multimode, and Polarization-maintaining

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS4-5

NGSS.HS-PS4-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

3 mins • 1 pt

List the characteristics of Non-Dispersion Shifted Fiber (NDSF).

Low attenuation and zero dispersion at 1310 nm

High dispersion at 1550 nm

Zero dispersion at 1550 nm

High attenuation at 1310 nm

DRAG AND DROP QUESTION

3 mins • 1 pt

Dispersion-Shifted Fiber (DSF) (a) in the 1550 nm wavelength.

Reduces chromatic dispersion

Increases chromatic dispersion

Is primarily used for long-distance

Cannot support wavelength-division

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS4-5

NGSS.HS-PS4-1

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

3 mins • 1 pt

Which of the following is a characteristic of Non-Zero Dispersion-Shifted Fiber (NZDF)?

Zero dispersion at 1550 nm

High dispersion at all wavelengths

Designed to have non-zero dispersion at 1550 nm

Used primarily for long-distance telegraphy

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