C2.2 Neural Signaling SL/HL

What type of cell in the nervous system carries electrical impulses?

• Neuron
• Axon
• Dendrite
• Schwann cell

Answer explanation

Neurons are specialized cells within the nervous system that carry electrical impulses.

What is the function of dendrites in neurons?

• Transmit impulses
• Receive impulses
• Produce neurotransmitters
• Protect the neuron

Answer explanation

Dendrites are fibrous structures on a neuron that receive impulses from other neurons.

Which type of neuron carries impulses away from the central nervous system to an effector?

• Sensory neuron
• Motor neuron
• Relay neuron
• Schwann cell

Answer explanation

Motor neurons carry impulses away from the central nervous system to effectors like muscles or glands.

What is the resting potential of a typical nerve cell membrane when not stimulated?

(a)  

Answer explanation

The resting potential is typically about -70 millivolts when the nerve cell membrane is not stimulated.

What is the primary role of the myelin sheath in neuronal function?

• Speed up impulse transmission
• Protect the axon
• Produce neurotransmitters
• Insulate the axon

Answer explanation

The myelin sheath primarily functions to speed up the transmission of impulses along the axon.

Which type of neuron is primarily involved in processing information within the central nervous system?

• Motor neuron
• Sensory neuron
• Relay neuron
• Schwann cell

Answer explanation

Relay neurons, also known as interneurons, are primarily involved in processing information within the CNS.

What are the gaps between Schwann cells on a myelinated axon called?

• Nodes of Kranz
• Nodes of Ranvier
• Nodes of Schwab
• Nodes of Krebs

Answer explanation

The gaps between individual Schwann cells on a myelinated axon are called nodes of Ranvier.

What is the primary function of sensory neurons?

• Transmit impulses to CNS
• Receive neurotransmitters
• Protect nerve fibers
• Insulate CNS

Answer explanation

Sensory neurons primarily carry impulses from sense organs or receptors to the central nervous system.

What establishes the concentration gradients of sodium and potassium ions across the neuron membrane?

• Diffusion
• Active transport
• Osmosis
• Filtration

Answer explanation

The concentration gradients of sodium and potassium ions are established and maintained by active transport.

Which type of neuron has its cell body located part way along the neuron?

• Motor neuron
• Sensory neuron
• Relay neuron
• Schwann cell

Answer explanation

In sensory neurons, the cell body is located part way along the neuron, distinguishing it from other types.