What does the term "genotype" refer to in genetics?

• The physical appearance of an organism

• The set of genes in our DNA which is responsible for a particular trait

• The variations in the physical appearance of a trait among different organisms

• The process by which traits are passed from parents to offspring

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What is a phenotype?

• The genetic makeup of an organism

• The physical and physiological traits of an organism

• A type of genetic mutation

• A tool used to predict the outcome of genetic crosses

In a Punnett square, what does a capital letter represent?

• A recessive trait

• A dominant trait

• A homozygous genotype

• A heterozygous genotype

What is a mutation in the context of genetics?

• A physical characteristic that is visible

• A change in the DNA sequence

• A dominant trait

• A tool used in genetic analysis

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What does it mean if an organism is homozygous for a trait?

• It has two different alleles for a trait

• It has two identical alleles for a trait

• It expresses a recessive trait

• It expresses a dominant trait

Which of the following best describes a heterozygous genotype?

• Two identical alleles for a trait

• Two different alleles for a trait

• Only dominant alleles

• Only recessive alleles

What is the purpose of using a Punnett square in genetics?

• To determine the DNA sequence of an organism

• To predict the possible genotypes of offspring from two parents

• To identify mutations in the DNA

• To change the genotype of an organism

What role do mutations play in evolution?

• They decrease genetic variation

• They have no role in evolution

• They are the only source of new alleles

• They increase genetic variation, providing material for natural selection to act upon

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Which of the following best describes a genotype?

• The physical appearance of an organism

• The alleles present in the organism for a particular trait represented by letters.

• The dominant traits in the organism

• The study of genes and their roles in inheritance

How can a Punnett square help predict the outcome of genetic crosses?

• By showing all possible combinations of parents' alleles

• By changing the alleles of the parents

• By demonstrating which traits are dominant

• By identifying genetic mutations