Understanding Phobias: A Behavioural Approach Quiz

Who proposed the two-process model for explaining phobias?

• John Watson

• Orval Hobart Mowrer

• Ad De Jongh

• Rosalie Rayner

What are the two types of conditioning mentioned in the two-process model?

• Implicit and Explicit Conditioning

• Sensory and Motor Conditioning

• Positive and Negative Reinforcement

• Classical and Operant Conditioning

In the context of phobias, what does classical conditioning involve?

• The use of medication to treat phobic responses

• Learning to associate a neutral stimulus with a fear response

• Reinforcing behaviour through rewards or punishments

• The decline of responses over time without reinforcement

What was the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in the Little Albert experiment?

• A Santa Claus beard

• A white rat

• A fur coat

• A loud noise

How does operant conditioning maintain phobias according to Mowrer?

• By associating neutral stimuli with fear responses

• Through cognitive restructuring of fear beliefs

• Through repeated exposure to the phobic stimulus

• By avoiding the phobic stimulus, thus reducing fear

What is a real-world application of the two-process model?

• Psychoanalysis

• Medication Treatment

• Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

• Systematic Desensitisation

What limitation does the two-process model have?

• It suggests that all phobias are learned

• It only focuses on positive reinforcement

• It does not account for the cognitive aspects of phobias

• It cannot be applied in real-world settings

What evidence supports the link between bad experiences and phobias?

• The high percentage of people with dental fear having had traumatic dental experiences

• The effectiveness of exposure therapy in treating phobias

• The genetic predisposition to develop phobias

• The role of medication in reducing phobic responses

Why might some phobias not follow the behavioural explanation?

• They are not influenced by classical or operant conditioning

• They can be treated without exposure to the phobic stimulus

• They occur without any prior bad experience

• They are purely genetic in origin

What does the two-process model fail to completely explain about phobias?

• Their genetic basis

• Their cognitive symptoms

• Their behavioural symptoms

• Their spontaneous recovery