Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, Scientific Revolution

Base your answer on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.

The passage describes a town as a center of attraction and diffusion, focusing on its role as a crossroads of production and a place for major creative exchanges through contracts, meetings, and terminus.

Which statement would this passage best support?

• Towns were important in an emerging international economy

• Economic self-sufficiency was reinforced by the revival of towns

• Crossroad locations limit the functions of towns

• The culture of towns discouraged new ideas

During the European Middle Ages, guilds were created to:

• obtain better working conditions in factories

• standardize goods and prices

• regulate the money supply

• increase competition

Which statement best expresses the philosophy of humanism?

• God selects those to be saved

• The pope expresses the ultimate word of God

• People have potential and can improve themselves by learning

• A person's life on Earth is merely preparation for the afterlife

The set of ideas from the Scientific Revolution, including Copernicus' heliocentric model of the universe, Newton's law of gravitation, and Descartes' belief in truth through reason, gave Europeans a new way to:

• view humankind's place in the universe

• support the core beliefs of the church

• authenticate historical facts

• verify civil liberties

Which term is defined as a Renaissance movement characterized by independent thought and a renewed interest in classical Greek and Roman culture?

• multiculturalism

• humanism

• nationalism

• monasticism

Which philosophy that was developed during the Renaissance is associated with a shift in focus away from religious subjects toward more secular subjects?

• humanism

• absolutism

• communism

• scholasticism

During the Renaissance, humanist philosophers emphasized the importance of:

• individualism

• absolutism

• religious salvation

• technological advancement

The Renaissance in western Europe was a period noted for:

• armed conflict over control of the Holy Land

• the rise of feudalism in the Mediterranean region

• the mass movement of peoples from urban to rural areas

• a shift from a spiritual focus to a more humanistic one

The influence of Greek and Roman culture on some Renaissance art is reflected in:

• a realistic portrayal of the human body

• challenges made to ancient religious ideals

• the impact of William Shakespeare's writing in southern Europe

• competition promoted between northern and southern European artists

Pax Romana, the Golden Age of Islam, and the Renaissance were all periods of:

• cultural isolationism

• censorship and regulation

• advancements in arts and knowledge

• decreasing influence of religion on cultural practices