4.4 Maritime Empires and Global Trade

What were the three main motivations for European states to establish Maritime Empires?

• Silver, Salvation, and Supremacy

• Gold, God, and Glory

• Wealth, Worship, and World dominance

• Money, Missionaries, and Power

Which European country was the first to establish a trading post empire around Africa and the Indian Ocean?

• Britain

• Netherlands

• Portugal

• Spain

How did the Dutch establish their dominance in the Indian Ocean trade?

• By military force

• By diplomatic negotiations

• By economic sanctions

• By technological advancements

What was a significant effect of European entry into the Indian Ocean trade networks?

• Decrease in local merchant profits

• Increase in profits for both Europeans and local merchants

• Isolation of all non-European traders

• Complete takeover of trade by Europeans

Which labor system did the Spanish use that was adapted from the Inca Empire?

• Mita system

• Indentured servitude

• Chattel slavery

• Encomienda system

What was a new characteristic of slavery in the Americas compared to previous systems?

• Voluntary participation

• Hereditary status

• Based on economic status

• Short-term contracts

Which system was introduced by the Spanish and forced indigenous Americans to work in exchange for protection?

• Encomienda system

• Feudalism

• Indentured servitude

• Hacienda system

What was the primary economic activity in the American colonies that required extensive labor systems?

• Mining

• Manufacturing

• Agriculture

• Trade

How did the transatlantic slave trade differ in scale compared to its Indian Ocean and Mediterranean counterparts?

• It did not involve African slaves

• It was far more massive

• It was about the same size

• It was smaller in scale

What was a major consequence of the racial component of the Atlantic slave trade?

• Slaves could buy their freedom

• Slavery was not hereditary

• Increased cultural assimilation

• Justification for brutal treatment