Adjacent plant cells have narrow channels called plasmodesmata that pass through the cell walls of the connected cells and allow a cytoplasmic connection between the cells. Which of the following statements best describes a primary function of plasmodesmata?

They allow the movement of molecules from one cell to another, enabling communication between cells.

They prevent the cell membrane from pulling away from the cell wall during periods of drought.

They eliminate the need to produce signaling molecules and eliminate the need for cells to have receptors for signaling molecules.

They increase the surface area available for attachment of ribosomes and thus increase protein synthesis.

Which of the following correctly matches the molecule with its normal function in a signal transduction pathway?

Protein phosphatase: dephosphorylates (removes phosphate groups from) proteins

Adenylyl cylase: converts cAMP into ATP

Protein kinase: transports phosphate groups in and out of the cell

cAMP: acts as a second messenger to activate G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs)

Epinephrine is a protein hormone found in many animals. Epinephrine stimulates a signaling pathway that results in the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver cells. Which of the following describes the initial steps in the process whereby epinephrine stimulates glycogen breakdown?

Epinephrine binds to a cell-surface receptor; the activated receptor stimulates production of the second messenger, cAMP.

Epinephrine binds to a cell-surface receptor; the activated receptor catalyzes the conversion of glycogen to glucose.

Epinephrine diffuses through the plasma membrane; the hormone dimerizes in the cytosol.

Epinephrine is taken into the cell by endocytosis; glycogen is converted to glucose in the endocytotic vesicle.

The epinephrine signaling pathway plays a role in regulating glucose homeostasis in muscle cells. The signaling pathway is activated by the binding of epinephrine to the beta-2 adrenergic receptor. A simplified model of the epinephrine signaling pathway is represented in Figure 1. Based on Figure 1, which of the following statements best describes the epinephrine signaling pathway?

It involves enzymes activating other enzymes.

It involves the opening and closing of ion channels.

It involves changes in the expression of target genes.

It involves protons moving down a concentration gradient.

Figure 1 shows a model of a signal transduction cascade, initiated by the binding of a ligand to the transmembrane receptor protein A. A DNA mutation changes the shape of the extracellular domain of transmembrane receptor protein A produced by the cell. Which of the following predictions is the most likely consequence of the mutation?

The molecule that normally binds to protein A will no longer attach, deactivating the cellular response.

Production of activated molecule 1 will stop, but production of activated molecules 2 and 3 will continue.

The molecule that normally binds to protein A will not enter the cell, thus no cellular response will occur.

Since protein A is embedded in the membrane, the mutation will be silent and not affect the cellular response.

When a signal transduction pathway involves a phosphorylation casade, what turns off the cell's response?

a relay molecule that activates protein kinase 1

What do second messengers do?

relay message from the inside of the mebrane throughout the cytoplasm

transport a signal through the lipid bilayer

relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell

What does a protein kinase do?

transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins

What does a protein phosphatase do?

transfers phosphates from ATP to proteins

activates an enzyme with a signal molecule

Cell undergoing cellular division

Endocrine cell secreting proteins

Synthesis of ATP without glucose

What are intracellular signaling pathways?

Intracellular signaling pathways are a series of chemical reactions that occur within a cell to transmit signals from the cell surface to the nucleus or other cellular compartments.

Intracellular signaling pathways are physical pathways that connect cells together.

Intracellular signaling pathways are only found in prokaryotic cells.

Intracellular signaling pathways are a result of external factors affecting the cell.

What is signal amplification in signal transduction?

Signal amplification in signal transduction is the process of increasing the strength or magnitude of a signal as it is transmitted through a signaling pathway.

Signal amplification in signal transduction is the process of converting a signal into a different form.

Signal amplification in signal transduction is the process of blocking the transmission of a signal through a signaling pathway.

Signal amplification in signal transduction is the process of decreasing the strength or magnitude of a signal as it is transmitted through a signaling pathway.

Vertebrate immune responses involve communication over short and long distances. Which of the following statements best helps explain how cell surface proteins, such as MHC proteins and T cell receptors, mediate cell communication over short distances?

The proteins interact directly with proteins on the surfaces of other cells.

The proteins receive electrical signals from nerve cells.

The proteins leave the cell and travel in the bloodstream to other cells.

The proteins bind to molecules secreted by cells located in other parts of the body.

In flowering plants, plasmodesmata are narrow channels through cell walls that connect the cytoplasms of adjacent cells. An explanation of how plant cells communicate across cell walls will most likely refer to the diffusion through plasmodesmata of which of the following?

Condensed, duplicated chromosomes

Ethylene causes fruits to ripen. In a signaling pathway, receptors activate transcription factors, which ultimately leads to ripening. Which of the following best supports the claim that ethylene initiates the signal transduction pathway that leads to ripening of fruit?

Loss-of-function mutations in ethylene receptors result in changes to the ripening process.

Ethylene is a simple gaseous molecule, which makes it easily detected by receptors.

Fruit will ripen in closed containers without exposure to air.

Ethylene synthesis is under both positive and negative feedback regulation.

The epinephrine signaling pathway plays a role in regulating glucose homeostasis in muscle cells. The signaling pathway is activated by the binding of epinephrine to the beta-2 adrenergic receptor. A simplified model of the epinephrine signaling pathway is represented in Figure 1. A researcher claims that the epinephrine signaling pathway controls a catabolic process in muscle cells. Which of the following statements best helps justify the researcher’s claim?

Glycogen phosphorylase catalyzes the conversion of glycogen to glucose-1-phosphate

Epinephrine is a signaling molecule that binds to a transmembrane protein.

The G protein in the epinephrine signaling pathway consists of three different subunits.

Phosphorylase kinase catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP.

Figure 1 shows a model of a signal transduction cascade, initiated by the binding of a ligand to the transmembrane receptor protein A . Figure 1. Model of signal transduction cascade incorporating protein A A DNA mutation changes the shape of the extracellular domain of transmembrane receptor protein A produced by the cell. Which of the following predictions is the most likely consequence of the mutation?

The molecule that normally binds to protein A will no longer attach, deactivating the cellular response.

Production of activated molecule 1 will stop, but production of activated molecules 2 and 3 will continue.

The molecule that normally binds to protein A will no longer attach, deactivating the cellular response.

Since protein A is embedded in the membrane, the mutation will be silent and not affect the cellular response.

AP Biology Topic 4.1 - 4.4

Authored by Sarah Malik

Biology

11th Grade

NGSS covered

Used 22+ times

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This AP Biology quiz comprehensively covers cell communication and signal transduction, specifically focusing on the mechanisms by which cells detect, process, and respond to information from their environment. The content is appropriate for grade 11-12 students in Advanced Placement Biology courses and requires students to understand complex molecular processes including receptor-ligand interactions, phosphorylation cascades, second messenger systems, and various types of cellular signaling pathways. Students need to master the three-stage process of cell signaling (reception, transduction, and response), distinguish between different types of receptors (GPCRs, ion channels, receptor tyrosine kinases), and understand how signals are amplified and terminated within cells. The quiz also requires knowledge of specific signaling molecules like epinephrine, cAMP, and calcium ions, as well as structural components such as gap junctions and plasmodesmata that facilitate direct cell-to-cell communication. Created by Sarah Malik, a Biology teacher in AE who teaches grade 11. This quiz serves as an excellent tool for formative assessment, allowing teachers to gauge student understanding of fundamental signal transduction concepts before advancing to more complex applications. It can be effectively used as a comprehensive review session before unit exams, as homework to reinforce classroom learning, or as a warm-up activity to activate prior knowledge at the beginning of lessons. The quiz aligns with AP Biology Learning Objectives 3.31-3.36, which focus on cell communication mechanisms, signal transduction pathways, and cellular responses to environmental changes. Teachers can use this assessment to identify specific areas where students need additional support, particularly in understanding the molecular details of phosphorylation cascades and the role of second messengers in signal amplification.

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

energization

phosphorylation

phosphorylase

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1 min • 1 pt

cellular communication that occurs through cell junctions

direct contact

local signaling

long-distance signaling

signaling substances

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AP Biology Topic 4.1 - 4.4

What type of macromolecule are receptor molecules?

What do protein kinase molecules do to other molecules?

Which of the following represents a signaling molecule that acts long-distance?

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of events involved in signal transduction?

What is a molecule that specifically binds to another molecule called?

What is it called when you add energy to a molecule via the addition of a phosphate

cellular communication that occurs through cell junctions

Gap junctions

plasmodesmata

secretory cells release local regulators (ie growth factors) via exocytosis to an adjacent cell

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