Unit 4: Mutations.2

What is a chromosome mutation?

• A change in the DNA sequence within a gene

• A change in the cell membrane composition

• A change in the protein structure

• A change in the arrangement of blocks of genes or the number of chromosomes in a cell

What can result from errors in DNA replication?

• Point and frameshift mutations

• Mitochondrial division

• Cellular respiration errors

• Photosynthesis errors

What is non-disjunction?

• Successful DNA replication

• Equal distribution of cytoplasm

• Failure of chromosomes or chromatids to separate during cell division

• Proper alignment of chromosomes

What does aneuploidy result from?

• Cellular differentiation

• Non-disjunction

• Complete DNA replication

• Gene expression

What is a block mutation?

• An inversion of a cell nucleus

• A change in a block of genes on a chromosome

• A deletion of an entire chromosome

• A duplication of a cell organelle

What is a deletion mutation?

• Translocation of a chromosome segment

• Replication of a chromosome segment

• Addition of an extra chromosome segment

• Loss of a segment of a chromosome that is not replaced

What is translocation in terms of chromosome mutation?

• Incorporation of a chromosome segment into a non-homologous chromosome

• Movement of a gene within the same chromosome

• Loss of a chromosome segment

• Duplication of a chromosome segment

What is a karyotype used for?

• To determine the rate of cell division

• To measure the amount of DNA in a cell

• To display the total complement of chromosomes in a species

• To identify the types of proteins in a cell

What is a mutagen?

• An agent that changes genetic material

• A carbohydrate that provides energy for mitosis

• A type of vitamin that enhances DNA replication

• A protein that assists in cell division

What are induced mutations?

• Natural mutations that occur without external influence

• Mutations caused by exposure to chemicals or radiation

• Mutations that only occur in animal cells

• Mutations that result in beneficial traits only