16.3 - The Periodic Table(25pts.)

The rows in the periodic table are called periods.

• True

• False

Answer explanation

The statement is true because the rows in the periodic table are indeed called periods.

Tags

HS-PS1-1

The ______ is the average mass of all the isotopes of an element

Answer explanation

The atomic mass is the average mass of all the isotopes of an elememt

Match the following questions to the correct answers!

• The average of all the versions (isotopes) of the element.

• Name

• The number or protons an element has.

• Atomic Mass

• 1 or 2 letter abbreviation for the name of the element.

• Atomic Number

• Element's common name.

• Chemical symbol

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-1

The periodic table is further arranged into three major regions, including the metals, metalloids, and non-metals. Metals are on the left of the table; they are shiny and flexible, conduct heat and electricity, and participate in ionic reactions. Non-metals are on the far right of the table; they are dull and brittle, are poor conductors, and typically participate in ionic reactions.

Which one is NOT a major region of elements in the periodic table?

• Metals

• Metalloids

• Non-metals

• Gases

Alkali metals have 1 valence electron, making them highly reactive. With the exception of hydrogen, they tend to be very soft metals with low melting points. Examples include sodium and potassium.

Alkaline earth metals have 2 valence electrons and are also highly reactive and have high melting points. Examples include calcium and magnesium.

Halogens have 7 valence electrons and therefore are highly reactive. They tend to form compounds in nature. Examples include chlorine and fluorine.

Noble gases have a complete outer shell with 8 valence electrons, making them nonreactive. They are typically colorless, odorless gases. Examples include helium, neon, and argon.

Which group is highly reactive with high melting points?

• Alkali metals

• Alkaline earth metals

• Halogens

• Noble gases

Alkali metals have 1 valence electron, making them highly reactive. With the exception of hydrogen, they tend to be very soft metals with low melting points. Examples include sodium and potassium.

Alkaline earth metals have 2 valence electrons and also are highly reactive and have high melting points. Examples include calcium and magnesium.

Halogens have 7 valence electrons and therefore are highly reactive. They tend to form compounds in nature. Examples include chlorine and fluorine.

Noble gases have a complete outer shell with 8 valence electrons, making them nonreactive. They are typically colorless, odorless gases. Examples include helium, neon, and argon.

Which group of elements tend to form compounds in nature?

• Alkali metals

• Alkaline earth metals

• Halogens

• Noble gases

Answer explanation

Halogens have 7 valence electrons, making them highly reactive and prone to forming compounds in nature.

Using the periodic table, label the correct element symbol next to the name.

a

b

c

d

e

f

O

Hg

K

Na

Fe

N

Tags

HS-PS1-1

Atoms consist of negatively charged (a)   that orbit the (b)   . The nucleus consists of positively charged (c)   and neutral (d)   . Protons and neutrons are each made from three (e)   .

• electrons

• nucleus

• protons

• neutrons

• quarks

Answer explanation

Atoms consist of negatively charged electrons that orbit the nucleus. The nucleus consists of positively charged protons and neutral neutrons. Protons and neutrons are each made from three quarks.

Tags

HS-PS1-1

Match the Following

• A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means.

• Element

• Particles with a neutral charge found in the nucleus of an atom.

• Proton

• The dense center of an atom containing protons and neutrons.

• Atom

• Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.

• Nucleus

• The smallest unit of an element that keeps the element’s chemical properties.

• Neutron

Tags

HS-PS1-1

The element hydrogen has three naturally occurring isotopes.

Which of the following describes the relationship of these isotopes?

Isotopes have (a)   mass numbers, but (b)   number of protons.

• different

• the same

Answer explanation

The correct relationship between isotopes is that they have different mass numbers but the same number of protons.

Tags

HS-PS1-1