These are the gaseous constituents of the atmosphere, both natural and anthropogenic,

that absorb and emit radiation at specific

wavelengths within the spectrum of thermal infrared radiation emitted by the earth’s surface.

• Carbon dioxide

• Atmospheric emissions

• Greenhouse Gases (GHG)

• Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC)

External impacts:

Emissions from freight transport largely depend on the type of fuel used.

Various alternative fuels now exist.

• Atmospheric emissions

• Global effects of atmospheric pollution

• Regional effects of atmospheric pollution

• Local effects of atmospheric pollution

• Land Use and Biodiversity

External impacts:

Scientific evidence that human activity is the main cause of global warming is now ‘unequivocal’, and since the last assessment, the scientific knowledge gained through observations, theoretical analyses, and modelling studies has continued to increase and to strengthen further the evidence linking human activities to the ongoing climate change.

• Atmospheric emissions

• Global effects of atmospheric pollution

• Regional effects of atmospheric pollution

• Local effects of atmospheric pollution

• Land Use and Biodiversity

External impacts:

Airborne pollutants can diffuse widely from their original source, particularly

when carried by the prevailing winds.

• Atmospheric emissions

• Global effects of atmospheric pollution

• Regional effects of atmospheric pollution

• Local effects of atmospheric pollution

• Land Use and Biodiversity

External impacts:

These effects are experienced in the immediate vicinity of the pollution source,

where the concentration levels are high.

• Atmospheric emissions

• Global effects of atmospheric pollution

• Regional effects of atmospheric pollution

• Local effects of atmospheric pollution

• Land Use and Biodiversity

External impacts:

Land is being taken for development of transport infrastructure and the extraction of the related building materials. Transport infrastructure also causes both a direct and an indirect loss of habitat.

• Atmospheric emissions

• Global effects of atmospheric pollution

• Regional effects of atmospheric pollution

• Local effects of atmospheric pollution

• Land Use and Biodiversity

External impacts:

This means that their presence often spoils the surrounding landscape and/or the outlook from residential properties and is difficult to measure because it is a highly subjective factor.

• Accidents

• Noise pollution

• Waste

• Vibration

• Visual Intrusion

External impacts:

Transport results in many fatalities and serious injuries each year. Apart from personal injury, death or material losses for those involved, this can also cause delays and general inconvenience for other road users.

• Accidents

• Noise pollution

• Waste

• Vibration

• Visual Intrusion

External impacts:

Prolonged exposure to traffic noise may result in physiological effects such as cardiovascular diseases or irreversible loss of hearing, as well as in mental health problems.

• Accidents

• Noise pollution

• Waste

• Vibration

• Visual Intrusion

External impacts:

This is caused by heavy vehicles and may result in serious damage to roadside buildings.

• Accidents

• Noise pollution

• Waste

• Vibration

• Visual Intrusion