TESTS

NUCLEIC ACID

test for DNA to detect deoxyribose of DNA

• - DNA + Dische's Diphenylamine reagent + boil

• - presumptive test for nitrates

• higher intensity of blue = concentration of the dna

• (+) blue - black solution

• (-) no change in color / clear

• (=) green = presence of rna

• diphenylamine test

• bial orcinol test

• fehling test

• benedict test

PROTEIN

test for phenolic compounds

detect the presence of Tyrosine - amino acid w/ phenol group

(+) red / pink precipitation or solution

(-) no change / clear

• millon test

• hopkins cole test

• biuret test

• ninhydrin test

test for keto-sugar vs aldo-sugar

to detect the presence of ketose

ketoses are rapidly dehydrated than aldose

• - seliwanoff's reagent + boil

• reaction of resorcinol and acid on the sugar, forming hydroxymethyl furfural

• (+) cherry red solution

• seliwanoff test

• molisch test

• nessler test

NUCLEIC ACID

test for reducing & non-reducing sugar

detect presence of aldehyde / aldoses

fehling's solution A + fehling's solution B + boil

reducing sugars = glucose, lactose

non reducing = sucrose

(+) reddish-brown precipitation

(-) deep blue

• diphenyl amine test

• fehling test

• bial orcinol test

• benedict test

NUCLEIC ACID

test for pentoses vs hexoses ; form furfural

bial's reagent + boil

(+) blue solution
(-) yellow-green solution

hexose (+) muddy brown solution

pentose (+) blue-green solution

• bial orcinol test

• fehling test

• diphenyl amine test

• benedict test

test for presence of ammonia and ammonium salts

ammoniacal nitrogen

(+) yellow-orange precipitation / dirty brown

(-) no changes / clear

• seliwanoff test

• nessler test

• molisch test

LIPIDS

test for oils and fats

dry potassium sulfate + mustard + heat

(+) pungent smell

• buchard test

• acrolein test

• iodine test

• salowski test

test for presence of cholesterol

molisch reagent ( napthol in ethanol ) + concentrated sulfuric acid (HS204)

(+) purple ring / purple / reddish

• molisch test

• seliwanoff test

• nessler test

PROTEIN

test for presence of trythophan

trythophan = amino acid w/ indole group

indole + glyoxylic acid + acid

(+) purple ring

(-) no change / clear

• millon test

• hopkins cole test

• biuret test

• lead sulfide test

PROTEIN

test for identification of proteins

presence of alkaline solution ; Cu2 = complex peptide bonds

(+) purple solution

(-) blue solution

• millon test

• biuret test

• ninhydrin test

• xantroproteic test