Unit 2 Critical Reasoning

Which of the following is an example of the formal fallacy "Affirming the Consequent"?

• If P then Q. Q therefore P

• If P then Q. Not P therefore Not Q

• If P then Q. P therefore Q

• If P then Q. Not Q therefore Not P

What does the informal fallacy "Ad Hominem" involve?

• Making over generalisations on a topic without a sufficient sample size

• Attacking a person rather than their argument

• Using the lack of evidence on a topic to support or oppose their position

• Switching between 2 or more meanings of the same word/phrase in an argument

Which informal fallacy uses the lack of evidence on a topic to support or oppose their position?

• Hasty Generalisation

• Ad Hominem

• Argument from Ignorance

• Genetic Fallacy

What is the level of support for a conclusion if the inferential strength is considered "Strong"?

• 0-25%

• 25-75%

• 75-99.99%

• 100%

Which deductively valid form of reasoning is represented by "If P then Q. Not Q therefore Not P"?

• Modus Ponens

• Modus Tollens

• Affirming the Consequent

• Denying the Antecedent

What does the informal fallacy "Genetic Fallacy" involve?

• Making over generalisations on a topic without a sufficient sample size

• Attacking a person rather than their argument

• Making an argument related only to its origin or source not the content

• Switching between 2 or more meanings of the same word/phrase in an argument

What does it mean if an argument is described as "Not Cogent"?

• It has acceptable premises and strong inferences.

• It lacks acceptable premises or strong inferences.

• It has acceptable premises but weak inferences.

• It lacks both acceptable premises and strong inferences.

What does it mean if an argument is described as "Cogent"?

• It has acceptable premises and strong inferences.

• It lacks acceptable premises or strong inferences.

• It has acceptable premises but weak inferences.

• It lacks both premises and inferences.

Which informal fallacy involves making over generalisations on a topic without a sufficient sample size?

• Hasty Generalisation

• Ad Hominem

• Argument from Ignorance

• Genetic Fallacy

What is the level of support for a conclusion if the inferential strength is considered "Weak"?

• 0-25%

• 25-75%

• 75-99.99%

• 100%