IHRM: The cultural and organisational context

Unforeseen conflicts and lower performance in many foreign business enterprises created doubts about how easily concepts and management research from the English speaking world could be transferred to other cultures.

• True

• False

Schein's Iceberg Model considers “artefacts” as the invisible and unconscious conventions and perceptions deeply held by members on a culture.

• True

• False

Hofstede finally distinguished three cultural dimensions: power distance, femininity vs. masculinity and individualism vs. collectivism.

• True

• False

There may be large similarities of the artefact level within the European Union, but values and assumptions held by members of various nations in the EU may differ significantly.

• True

• False

The Globe study distinguishes between practices (what should be) and values (what is).

• True

• False

Cross-cultural management research is based on the assumption that:

• A. There are no real differences in management practices in various countries and the respective environments do not matter.

• B. There are differences in management practices in various countries but the respective environments do not explain these differences.

• C. There are differences in management practices in various countries and the respective environment explains these differences.

• D. There are differences in management practices in various countries and these differences are explained by company strategy alone.

Hofstede’s cultural dimensions are:

• A. Universality, uncertainty avoidance, individualism vs. collectivism, aspiration vs. resignation and referentism.

• B. Power distance, uncertainty avoidance, femininity vs. masculinity, individualism vs. collectivism dynamics.

• C. Power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism vs. collectivism and contextualism vs. universalism.

• D. Universalism vs. contextualism Confucian dynamics, individualism vs. collectivism and consumerism vs. theft

According to the results of the Hofstede study:

• A. U.S. culture is characterized more by collectivity behavior, unlike Anglo Saxon countries such as Australia or the United Kingdom.

• B. U.S. culture is characterized more by collectivity behavior, like Anglo Saxon countries such Australia or the United Kingdom.

• C. U.S. culture is characterized more by individualist behavior, unlike Anglo Saxon countries such as Australia or the United Kingdom.

• D. U.S. culture is characterized more by individualist behavior, like Anglo Saxon countries such as Australia or the United Kingdom.

The cultural context impacts HRM practices:

• A. Not at all

• B. Only in the HR practice areas of Compensational Task Distribution

• C. In the HR practice areas of Recruitment, Selection, Training and Development, Compensation and Task Distribution

• D. Only in the HR practice areas of Training and Development and Task Distribution

The GLOBE study survey contains:

• A. Contains exactly the same dimensions as Hofstede’s surveys

• B. Contains far fewer dimensions than the Hofstede surveys

• C. Distinguish between practices (as is) and values (should be)

• D. Contains only questions on values (should be)