class 1

Which of the following statements is true about the passage of blood through the body and lungs?

• Blood flows from the heart to the lungs through the pulmonary artery and returns to the heart through the pulmonary vein.
• Blood flows from the lungs to the heart through the pulmonary vein.
• Blood flows from the heart to the lungs through the pulmonary vein.
• Blood flows from the lungs to the heart through the pulmonary artery.

What is the primary function of the kidneys in the passage of blood?

• The kidneys only reabsorb water and ions from the filtered plasma.

• The kidneys remove carbon dioxide from the blood.

• Filter waste and excess substances, regulate blood pressure, maintain electrolyte balance

• Transport oxygen to cells

Which of the following is an example of positive feedback in the human body?

• Release of cortisol during stress

• Regulation of body temperature

• Release of adrenaline during rest

• Release of oxytocin during childbirth

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of negative feedback in the body's control systems?

• The body's adjustment to bright light by dilating the pupils
• The body's response to high temperature by sweating to cool down and then stopping sweat production once the temperature is regulated.
• Low blood sugar levels result in decreased insulin production, further lowering blood sugar levels.

• The body's response to low blood sugar by releasing more insulin

What is the primary function of the blood passing through the walls of the gastrointestinal tract?

• To absorb dissolved carbohydrates, fatty acids, and amino acids, from ingested food

• Regulate body temperature
• Produce enzymes
• Absorb nutrients

What is the primary reason for the continual exchange of extracellular fluid between the plasma and the interstitial fluid as blood passes through the capillaries?

• To increase the blood pressure within capillaries

• Capillary permeability
• To maintain homogeneity of extracellular fluid throughout the body

• To prevent plasma proteins from entering the interstitial fluid

What triggers the baroreceptor system to act in regulating arterial blood pressure?

• Stretch of the venous wall

• Activation of the sympathetic nervous system
• Increase in arterial blood pressure
• Decrease in arterial blood pressure

How does the sympathetic nervous system affect heart rate?

• It decreases heart rate

• It has no effect on heart rate

• It increases heart rate

• It regulates blood sugar levels

What is the function of hemoglobin in the blood?

• Transporting oxygen to cells and tissues

• Producing antibodies to fight infections

• Regulating body temperature

• Breaking down carbohydrates for energy

In a physiological control system, the gain is a measure of how effectively the system corrects deviations from a set point. For the baroreceptor pressure control system, if a volume of blood transfused causes the arterial pressure to rise from 100 mm Hg to 175 mm Hg (without control) and to 125 mm Hg (with control), what is the gain of the baroreceptor system?

• -0.5

• -0.2

• -2

• -1.0