4.2.7 Chronic Adaptations of the Cardiovascular System

Long-term physiological changes that occur as a result of participating in a training program are referred to as..

• Chronic adaptations

• Acute responses

The minimum period for adaptations to occur with Aerobic (endurance) training is..

• 4 weeks

• 6 - 8 weeks

• 10 weeks

• 6 weeks, although they are more evident after 12 weeks

Which of the following is a chronic adaptation of the cardiovascular system due to aerobic training?

• Decreased capillarisation

• Increased capillarisation

• Decreased muscle mass

• Increased muscle mass

Cardia Output =

• Blood Pressure x HR

• Blood Pressure / HR

• HR + Stroke Volume

• HR x Stroke Volume

What is the effect of a higher stroke volume in trained aerobic athletes?

• More blood is pumped with each heartbeat

• Less blood is pumped with each heartbeat

• Heart needs to work harder

• Decreased blood flow and oxygen supply

What is one of the benefits of the heart working more efficiently in trained aerobic athletes?

• Higher HR during

  sub-maximal exercise

• Lower HR during

  sub-maximal exercise

• Increased blood pressure

• Decreased oxygen supply

During which of the following times does the heart rate of trained athletes remain lower compared to untrained individuals according to the graph?

• Rest

• Moderate work

• Recovery

• All of the above

What does a faster HR recovery in trained athletes indicate?

• lower fitness levels

• higher aerobic fitness

• higher blood pressure

• lower muscle mass

Which of the following is a cardiovascular adaptation to aerobic training?

• Decreased cardiac output during maximal exercise

• Increased cardiac output during maximal exercise

• Increased heart rate during rest

• Decreased stroke volume during exercise

A benefit of enlargement of the heart muscle (cardiac hypertrophy) as a result of Aerobic training is..

• Higher blood pressure and vasoconstriction of the blood vessels

• Greater volume of blood ejected from the heart and more oxygen to the muscles

• Greater recruitment of motor units (muscle fibres) and therefore greater strength

• Greater stroke volume and reduced cardiac output