BMOL6401 - L11 - Microbial Genetics

Define genetic mutation

• Heritable change in DNA sequence that can lead to a change in phenotype
• Change in protein sequence without altering DNA
• Unchangeable DNA sequence
• Temporary alteration of RNA

Define mutant

• A strain differing from parental strain in genotype
• A strain with no genetic changes
• A strain with altered phenotype but same genotype
• A strain with modified protein function

Define wild-type strain

• Typically refers to strain isolated from nature
• Mutated strain with altered genes
• Laboratory-manipulated strain
• A strain with synthetic genes

What is a point mutation in genetics?

• Alteration of single pairs of nucleotide, addition or deletion of nucleotides
• Large scale chromosomal change
• Insertion of foreign DNA
• Deletion of entire gene

Define insertion mutation in genetics

• Addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence
• Removal of nucleotide base pairs from a DNA sequence
• Replacement of a nucleotide base pair
• Rearrangement of nucleotides within a gene

Define deletion mutation in genetics

• Removal of one or more nucleotide base pairs from a DNA sequence
• Addition of nucleotide base pairs to a DNA sequence
• Replacement of nucleotides in a sequence
• Swapping nucleotide pairs

Define inversion mutation in genetics

• Reversal of the orientation of a DNA segment
• Addition of extra genes
• Deletion of segments of DNA
• Rearrangement of genes

Define duplication mutation in genetics

• Increase in the number of copies of a DNA segment
• Loss of a DNA segment
• Replacement of a DNA segment with another
• Rearrangement of genetic material

Define translocation of nucleotide sequence mutations in genetics

• Movement of a DNA segment from one location to another
• Reversal of the orientation of a DNA segment
• Addition of nucleotide base pairs
• Replacement of a DNA segment

What is a spontaneous mutation in genetics?

• Mutation occurring without external influence
• Mutation caused by radiation or chemicals
• Mutation due to a viral infection
• Mutation induced by laboratory procedures