IGCSE Cells

Which organelle is the control center of the cell, housing the genetic material?

Answer explanation

The nucleus contains the cell's DNA and regulates gene expression

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

NGSS.MS-LS3-1

What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?

• Photosynthesis
• Respiration
• Protein synthesis
• Lipid synthesis

Answer explanation

Chloroplasts capture sunlight to conduct photosynthesis, converting it into chemical energy. Respiration occurs in mitochondria, protein synthesis in ribosomes, and lipid synthesis in the smooth ER.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-5

NGSS.HS-LS2-5

Which structure provides structural support and prevents excessive water uptake in plant cells?

• Cell wall
• Cytoplasm
• Cell membrane
• Nucleus

Answer explanation

The cell wall is a rigid layer that supports and protects plant cells, maintaining shape and preventing excess water uptake. The cytoplasm contains organelles, the cell membrane regulates entry/exit, and the nucleus stores DNA.

Which organelle controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell?

• Cell membrane
• Cell wall
• Cytoplasm
• Ribosome

Answer explanation

The cell membrane is semi-permeable, regulating substances moving in and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Which of the following organelles are involved in protein synthesis?

• Ribosome
• Rough endoplasmic reticulum
• Golgi apparatus
• Mitochondria

Answer explanation

Ribosomes and the rough ER are key players in protein synthesis, with ribosomes assembling amino acids and the rough ER housing ribosomes. The Golgi modifies proteins, and mitochondria provide energy.

Which part of the cell is a network of membranes involved in protein synthesis?

• Rough endoplasmic reticulum
• Golgi apparatus
• Cytoskeleton
• Lysosome

______ cells contain a nucleus and organelles.

Answer explanation

Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles, unlike prokaryotic cells, which lack a true nucleus.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-2

Which organelle is responsible for modifying and packaging proteins?

• Golgi apparatus
• Ribosome
• Nucleus
• Chloroplast

Answer explanation

The Golgi apparatus modifies proteins by adding molecules and packages them for transport. Ribosomes synthesize proteins, the nucleus stores DNA, and chloroplasts conduct photosynthesis.

What is a key feature of prokaryotic cells compared to eukaryotic cells?

• Lack a true nucleus
• Have membrane-bound organelles
• Are larger in size
• Have chloroplasts

Answer explanation

Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells have these features, are typically larger, and plant eukaryotic cells have chloroplasts.

Which structures can be found in bacterial cells?

• Ribosome
• Cell wall
• Plasma membrane
• Nucleus

Answer explanation

Bacterial cells contain ribosomes, a cell wall, and a plasma membrane. They lack a true nucleus, which is a characteristic of eukaryotic cells.