Biological explanation of Schizophrenia

What are family studies?

• Close family members are compared on the same trait to determine a genetic basis

• Twins are compared on the same trait to determine a genetic basis

• Adopted children are compared to their biological family on the same trait to determine a genetic basis.

What term is being described: the proportion of pairs where both individuals share a certain characteristic.

• Coordination rate

• Concordance rate

• Cooperation rate

According to Gottesman (1991) what percentage of MZ twins had severe Schizophrenia?

• 12-28%

• 75-91%

• 17-33%

• 85-97%

What is meant by 'candidate genes'?

• A genetic mutation is responsible for the disorder

• Genes have nothing to do with the onset of the disorder

• Multiple genes are responsible for a disorder

• A single gene is responsible for a disorder

What is meant by a neural correlate?

• A particular area of the brain is associated with a particular behaviour

• A particular area of the brain is not associated with a particular behaviour

• A particular gene is associated with a certain behaviour

Which statement best describes the neurotransmitter dopamine?

• It is an inhibitory neurotransmitter

• It is an excitatory neurotransmitter associated with the pleasure response

• It is associated with the sleep-wake cycle

What does the dopamine hypothesis state about the onset of Schizophrenia?

• The brain of SZ patients produce no dopamine

• The brain of SZ patients produces different levels of dopamine compared to non SZ patients.

• The brain of SZ patients produces different levels of serotonin compared to non SZ patients

• The brain of SZ patients produce no serotonin

What did the original dopamine hypothesis propose?

• High levels of dopamine in the subcortex

• High levels of dopamine in the brain stem

• Low levels of dopamine in the subcortex

• High levels of dopamine in the cortex

What did the more recent dopamine hypothesis focus on?

• High levels of dopamine in the subcortex

• High levels of dopamine in the brain stem

• Low levels of dopamine in the cortex

• High levels of dopamine in the cortex

According to the original dopamine hypothesis, too high levels of dopamine in Broca's area could be associated with what symptom of Schizophrenia?

• Hallucinations

• Speech Poverty

• Avolition

• Delusions