Exploring the Foundations of the Enlightenment

The lecture explores the Age of Enlightenment, tracing its roots from the Renaissance and Scientific Revolution. It highlights key figures like Isaac Newton and John Locke, discussing their contributions to science and political philosophy. The era's skepticism towards religion and the rise of public opinion through publications are examined. Voltaire's influence and the role of salons in spreading Enlightenment ideas are also covered.

What era led to the Scientific Revolution?

• The Modern Era

• The Middle Ages

• The Renaissance

• The Industrial Revolution

Who encouraged natural philosophers to approach nature and science directly?

• Thomas Hobbes

• John Locke

• Isaac Newton

• Voltaire

What did John Locke believe about human nature?

• Humans are inherently evil

• Humans are born as a blank slate

• Humans are inherently good

• Humans are born with innate ideas

According to John Locke, what should obedience to one's country be based on?

• Wealth

• Tradition

• Conviction

• Fear

What was a significant factor in making the sciences accessible to the masses during the Enlightenment?

• Religious reforms

• Technological advancements

• Government policies

• Publications and books

Who were two famous writers that became well-known during the Enlightenment?

• Isaac Newton and John Locke

• Alexander Pope and Voltaire

• Thomas Hobbes and David Hume

• Edward Gibbons and Immanuel Kant

What was Voltaire's stance on religious persecution?

• He ignored it

• He was indifferent

• He supported it

• He criticized it

Which book by Voltaire attacked war and religious persecution?

• The Social Contract

• Candide

• Elements of the Philosophy of Newton

• Letters on the English

Who wrote 'Inquiry into Human Nature' and argued against the existence of miracles?

• Immanuel Kant

• Edward Gibbons

• David Hume

• Voltaire

What did Immanuel Kant believe about religion?

• It is irrelevant to human nature

• It is the only source of truth

• It is a humane force for virtuous living

• It should be abolished