Assessment: Chapter 2—“Expansion of Empires, War, and Reform”

Which statement explains the changes after Muhammad’s death shown in the map?

• A civil war led to a split in Islam.

• A period of peace increased trade.

• The first four caliphs spread Islam through conquest.

• The first four caliphs developed a policy of religious tolerance.

Why are Muslims required to make a pilgrimage during their lifetime? (5.8, 5.10)

• to show their devotion to Allah

• to commemorate Muhammad’s conquests

• to show their respect for Islamic communities

• to commemorate Muhammad’s last trip to Mecca

How did Muslim scholars contribute to the field of mathematics? (5.10, 5.10.c)

• They developed algebra.

• They developed geometry.

• They invented the abacus.

• They invented written numbers.

Why was the method of transportation shown in the image challenging for traders?

• It required them to travel across the desert.

• It opened them up to attacks and warfare.

• It cost large amounts of time and money.

• It resulted in the spread of disease.

Which feature of Islamic art is shown in the picture?

• tall ceilings

• use of one color

• images of animals

• geometric patterns

Based on the map, which is a difference between the First and Third Crusades?

• Unlike the First Crusade, crusaders on the Third Crusade mostly traveled by water to the Holy Land.

• Unlike the First Crusade, crusaders on the Third Crusade built a kingdom in Jerusalem.

• Unlike the First Crusade, crusaders on the Third Crusade passed through Rome.

• Unlike the First Crusade, crusaders on the Third Crusade fought in Edessa.

What were some effects of the Crusades? Select the three correct answers. (5.9, 5.9.f)

• Trust between Christians and Muslims improved.

• Jewish people were killed for their beliefs.

• Christians regained control of the Holy Land.

• Trade between Europe and the Muslim world grew.

• The pope became a religious and secular leader.

Why did barons and merchants force King John to sign the Magna Carta? (5.9, 5.9.e)

• He released many prisoners.

• He raised taxes to pay for a war.

• He lost lands to the Spanish king.

• He prevented towns from having fairs.

Why is this document considered important?

• It freed serfs from their lords.

• It increased the power of guilds.

• It ended conflict between European countries.

• It made the king accountable to the laws of England.

What was one of the effects of the Crusades?

• Increased trade between Europe and the Middle East

• Decline in religious influence in Europe

• Isolation of European countries from the rest of the world

• Decrease in technological advancements