Basic Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart

Who was the first to describe the heart as responsible for pumping blood around the body?

• William Harvey

• Galen

• Leonardo da Vinci

• Hippocrates

Where is the heart located in the human body?

• Abdominal cavity

• Cranial cavity

• Thoracic cavity

• Pelvic cavity

What is the main function of the pulmonary arteries?

• Carry oxygenated blood to the body

• Carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs

• Carry oxygenated blood to the heart

• Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart

Which artery is responsible for distributing oxygenated blood to the entire body?

• Pulmonary artery

• Coronary artery

• Aorta

• Carotid artery

What color is typically used to denote deoxygenated blood in diagrams?

• Green

• Blue

• Yellow

• Red

Which valve separates the right atrium and the right ventricle?

• Mitral valve

• Aortic valve

• Pulmonary valve

• Tricuspid valve

What is the main structural difference between arteries and veins?

• Arteries are more elastic and muscular than veins

• Veins have thicker walls than arteries

• Arteries have valves, veins do not

• Veins carry oxygenated blood, arteries carry deoxygenated blood

What is the function of the tunica intima in blood vessels?

• Prevents backflow

• Regulates blood flow

• Facilitates diffusion

• Provides structural support

What is the primary role of capillaries in the circulatory system?

• Regulate blood pressure

• Transport blood to the heart

• Exchange molecules between blood and tissues

• Store blood

What type of cells make up the walls of capillaries?

• Cuboidal epithelium

• Transitional epithelium

• Simple squamous epithelium

• Columnar epithelium