History of Marine Science

One of the earliest recorded sea voyages was by the ancient _______ in 3200 B.C.

• Egyptians

• Greeks

• Romans

• Phoenicians

The _______ established the first trade routes through the Mediterranean.

• Phoenicians

• Romans

• Greeks

• Egyptians

The Middle Ages were also referred to as the Dark Ages because of a lack of

• Scientific inquiry

• Seafloor exploration

• Ship building

• Development of maps

During the Middle Ages, the Vikings explored the

• North Atlantic

• Indian Ocean

• Pacific Ocean

• Arctic

True or false: James Cook’s expedition was on the H.M.S. Beagle.

• True

• False

The first circumnavigation of Africa was by the ______ in 590 B.C.

• Phoenicians

• Romans

• Greeks

• Egyptians

The North Star worked as a navigational tool for measuring _______ but not for _______.

• Latitude, longitude

• Longitude, latitude

• Time, distance

• Speed, direction

Stick charts were created by _______ to navigate small islands and determine wave patterns.

• Marshall Islanders

• Polynesians

• Micronesians

• Hawaiians

__________ improved the latitude/longitude system that was originally established by __________.

• Hipparchus, Eratosthenes

• Ptolemy, Aristotle

• Copernicus, Galileo

• Newton, Kepler

_____ is the first underwater laboratory.

• Beagle

• Aquarius

• Challenger

• Atlantis