Cell Cycle and Regulation Concepts

The cell cycle is a series of regulated events that cells undergo to grow and divide. It includes interphase, where cells prepare for division through stages G1, S, and G2, and M phase, where mitosis and cytokinesis occur. Checkpoints in G1, G2, and M phases ensure proper division, with errors potentially leading to apoptosis or cancer. Cyclins and CDKs regulate the cycle, with their imbalance linked to cancer.

What is the primary purpose of interphase in the cell cycle?

• Cell growth and preparation for division

• DNA damage repair

• Cell division

• Protein synthesis

During which phase does a cell decide whether to divide or enter a non-dividing state?

• G2 phase

• M phase

• G1 phase

• S phase

What happens if a cell fails to prepare for division after the G1 checkpoint?

• It starts mitosis

• It proceeds to S phase

• It undergoes apoptosis

• It enters G0 phase

What is the main event that occurs during the S phase?

• Cell growth

• DNA replication

• Cytokinesis

• Chromosome separation

What is checked during the G2 checkpoint?

• Chromosome alignment

• DNA replication accuracy

• Cytoplasm division

• Cell size

What is the role of mitosis in the cell cycle?

• Cell growth

• Protein synthesis

• DNA replication

• Separation of replicated DNA

What is the final step of the M phase?

• Apoptosis

• Cytokinesis

• Chromosome alignment

• DNA replication

What molecules regulate the cell cycle by activating CDKs?

• Lipids

• Cyclins

• Enzymes

• Hormones

What is the function of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in the cell cycle?

• To degrade cyclins

• To separate chromosomes

• To activate or deactivate proteins by phosphorylation

• To replicate DNA

What can result from the overexpression of cyclins in cells?

• DNA repair

• Increased cell growth

• Cancer

• Apoptosis