it is a complex concept that involves many different processes and activities with an organization.

Can be described as the identification of the purpose of the organization and the plans and actions to achieve that purpose

a person who are most responsible for the success or failure of an organization

A person who performs several functions such as planning , controlling, organizing, staffing,and directing

this stages includes the developing a vision and mission, identifying an organization’s external opportunities and threats ?

this stage requires a firm to establish annual objectives and a formulated strategies can be executed?

This strategy refers to the process in which the business determines the effectiveness of the company and its ability to reach its future goals

During this early phase, top-level managers simply require different departments and functional areas to prepare budgets and targets based on information generated within the company. A simple one-year period analysis should be conducted.

During the second phase, the top-level management merely extends the time period od the planning process from one year to five years. Information and data used in setting projections by various functional units and departments are still coming from within the company.

Given the disadvantages of the first two phases, for example, the system becomes highly political as units compete for bigger budgets, and more meetings are spent for proper justifications, the planning process is assigned to selected staff to devise a strategic plan with little participation and input from the lower levels.