Revolutions Primary Sources

... We must ask ourselves three questions. 1. What is the Third Estate? Everything. 2. What has it been until now in the political order? Nothing. 3. What does it want to be? Something. … — Abbé Sieyès, 1789 (adapted) Based on this passage, what did the Third Estate want?

• (1) independence from France
• (2) more influence in the political system
• (3) removal of the monarchy
• (4) freedom of religion in France

This drawing illustrates conditions that contributed primarily to the beginning of the

• (1) Protestant Reformation
• (2) French Revolution
• (3) Napoleonic Wars
• (4) European Renaissance

What the point of view of the author of this drawing?

• (1) One group paid heavy taxes that supported the other two groups.
• (2) Hard work, prayer, and a good example allowed for a stable government in France.
• (3) Peasants and professionals in this society were gaining political and economic power.
• (4) French society emphasized the importance of natural law and social equality.

Based on the information in these graphs, identify one cause of the French Revolution.

• (1) Over-taxation of the third estate
• (2) Limited land ownership by the first estate
• (3) Population decline amongst the second estate
• (4) Population growth amongst the third estate

Identify one action taken during the French Revolution to address an issue depicted in these charts.

• (1) The revolutionaries created the first Communist government.
• (2) Napoleon named himself emperor of France.
• (3) Exemptions from taxes for the first and second estates were abolished by the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.
• (4) King Louis XVI was executed.

During which revolution did these executions occur?

• (1) French
• (2) Russian
• (3) Chinese
• (4) Cuban

Which of the following historical figures is associated with the historical event depicted in the chart.

• (1) Louis XIV
• (2) Maximilien Robespierre
• (3) Peter the Great
• (4) Napoleon Bonaparte

Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen—1789 Approved by the National Assembly of France, August 26, 1789 Articles: 1. Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good. 2. The aim of all political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible [inalienable] rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression. . . . 4. Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one else; hence the exercise of the natural rights of each man has no limits except those which assure to the other members of the society the enjoyment of the same rights. These limits can only be determined by law. . . . Which of the following individuals most strongly influenced the ideas in the excerpt of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen above?

• (1) Louis XIV
• (2) Montesquieu
• (3) John Locke
• (4) Thomas Hobbes

Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen—1789 Approved by the National Assembly of France, August 26, 1789 Articles: 1. Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good. 2. The aim of all political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible [inalienable] rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression. . . . 4. Liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one else; hence the exercise of the natural rights of each man has no limits except those which assure to the other members of the society the enjoyment of the same rights. These limits can only be determined by law. . . . Identify the best use of this document for a historian.

• (1) To determine the actions taken by Louis XVI during his rule of France.
• (2) To study how Louis XVI granted natural rights to French citizens
• (3) To evaluate how free and equal the people of France were after the French Revolution
• (4) To understand the hopes of representatives in the National Assembly of France

This is an excerpt from a speech given on September 25, 1793 by Maximilien Robespierre to the National Convention justifying measures taken by the Committee of Public Safety. … Individuals are not at issue here; we are concerned with the homeland and principles. I tell you plainly: it is impossible, in this state of affairs, for the Committee to save the state; and if anyone disagrees, I will remind you just how treacherous and extensive is the scheme for bringing us down and dissolving us; how the foreigners and internal enemies have agents paid to execute it; I will remind you that faction is not dead; that it is conspiring from the depths of its dungeons; that the serpents of the Marais [a section of Paris] have not yet all been crushed.… I know we cannot flatter ourselves that we have attained perfection; but holding up a Republic surrounded by enemies, fortifying reason in favour of liberty, destroying prejudice and nullifying individual efforts against the public interest, demand moral and physical strengths that nature has perhaps denied to those who denounce us and those we are fighting.… During which turning point was the passage above written?

• (1) Age of Exploration
• (2) Haitian Revolution
• (3) French Revolution
• (4) Industrial Revolution